{"id":9167,"date":"2024-02-28T17:32:17","date_gmt":"2024-02-28T09:32:17","guid":{"rendered":"\/?p=9167"},"modified":"2024-02-28T17:32:17","modified_gmt":"2024-02-28T09:32:17","slug":"nginx%e5%ae%89%e8%a3%85%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/?p=9167","title":{"rendered":"Nginx\u5b89\u88c5\u914d\u7f6e\u8be6\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Nginx\u5b89\u88c5\u914d\u7f6e\u8be6\u89e3<\/h1>\n<h2>Nginx\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h2>\n<p>Nginx\uff08\u201cengine x\u201d\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u91c7\u7528\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u5c11\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u9ad8\u3001\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u6548\u548c\u4f4e\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u7b49\u7279\u70b9\u3002 Nginx\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u4f5cWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\u3001\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u548c\u7f13\u5b58\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>Nginx\u5b89\u88c5<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728Ubuntu\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5Nginx\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u66f4\u65b0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6e90<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u66f4\u65b0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6e90\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo apt-get update\n\n# \u5728CentOS\u4e2d\n# sudo yum install epel-release<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5b89\u88c5Nginx<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5b89\u88c5Nginx\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo apt-get install nginx\n\n# \u5728CentOS\u4e2d\n# sudo yum install nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>\u68c0\u67e5Nginx\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u5b89\u88c5<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5Nginx\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \u67e5\u770bnginx\u7248\u672c\u53f7\nnginx -v\n\n# \u67e5\u770bnginx\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u914d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5b89\u88c5\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u4ee5\u53ca\u5185\u7f6e\u6a21\u5757\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\nnginx -V<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u591f\u8f93\u51faNginx\u7684\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u8868\u793aNginx\u5df2\u7ecf\u6b63\u786e\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cNginx\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u8def\u5f84\u4e3a<code>\/usr\/share\/nginx<\/code>\uff0cNginx\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u4e3a<code>\/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>nginx\u5e2e\u52a9\u624b\u518c\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \u67e5\u770bnginx\u5e2e\u52a9\u6587\u6863\nnginx -h\n\n# \u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528man\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770bnginx\u8be6\u7ec6\u5e2e\u52a9\u6587\u6863\nman nginx\n\n# \u68c0\u6d4bnginx\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\nnginx -t\n\n# \u68c0\u6d4bnginx\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u5e76\u628anginx\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u5c4f\u5e55\nnginx -T\n\n# \u8bbe\u7f6enginx\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a\/usr\/local\/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf\uff09\nnginx -c nginx_file.conf\n\n# \u5411nginx\u4e3b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0cstop, quit, reopen, reload\nnginx -s stop # \u505c\u6b62Nginx\u8fdb\u7a0b\n\nnginx -s quit # \u5feb\u901f\u505c\u6b62Nginx\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u5141\u8bb8\u5b8c\u6210\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\n\nnginx -s reopen # \u91cd\u65b0\u6253\u5f00\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\n\n# \u4e0estop\u4e0d\u540c\uff0creload\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b8c\u5168\u505c\u6b62Nginx\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e73\u6ed1\u5730\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u4e0d\u505c\u6b62\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u52a8\u6001\u66f4\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\nnginx -s reload <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u533a\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>stop\u548cquit\u90fd\u662f\u505c\u6b62Nginx\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46quit\u5141\u8bb8\u4e4b\u524d\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u800cstop\u5219\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u7ec8\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 reload\u4f1a\u91cd\u8f7dNginx\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u542f\u52a8\u65b0\u7684worker\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u65b0\u7684worker\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u91cd\u65b0\u8dd1\uff0c\u65e7\u7684worker\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u65e7\u6709\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\u751f\u6548\u540e\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4f1a\u4ece\u65b0\u7684worker\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u800creopen\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u6253\u5f00\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u65e5\u5fd7\u5207\u5272\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5168\u5c40\u5185\u7f6e\u6307\u4ee4\u548c\u53d8\u91cf<\/h2>\n<h3>Nginx\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>user\uff1a\u6307\u5b9aNginx\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3anobody\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>worker_processes\uff1a\u6307\u5b9aNginx\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a1\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>worker_cpu_affinity\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2aworker\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7684CPU\u6838\u5fc3\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>worker_rlimit_nofile\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2aworker\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5141\u8bb8\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>pid\uff1a\u6307\u5b9aNginx\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53f7\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\/var\/run\/nginx.pid\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>access_log\uff1a\u6307\u5b9aNginx\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u683c\u5f0f\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>error_log\uff1a\u6307\u5b9aNginx\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u6709<code>debug<\/code>\uff0c<code>info<\/code>\uff0c<code>notice<\/code>\uff0c<code>warn<\/code>\uff0c<code>error<\/code>\u548c<code>crit<\/code>\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>events\uff1a\u6307\u5b9aNginx\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u5305\u62ec<code>worker_connections<\/code>\uff08\u6700\u5927\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\uff09\u548c<code>use<\/code>\uff0c<code>epoll<\/code>\u548c<code>kqueue<\/code>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6a21\u5757\u914d\u7f6e\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>http\uff1a\u6307\u5b9aNginx HTTP\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<code>server_names_hash_max_size<\/code>\uff08\u57df\u540d\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff09\u3001<code>server_names_hash_bucket_size<\/code>\uff08\u6bcf\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u6876\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff09\u3001<code>client_max_body_size<\/code>\uff08\u524d\u7aef\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u5927\u5c0f\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>server\uff1a\u6307\u5b9aNginx\u6240\u6709server\u5757\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<code>listen<\/code>\uff08\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3\uff09\u3001<code>server_name<\/code>\uff08\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u57df\u540d\uff09\u3001<code>access_log<\/code>\uff08\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u683c\u5f0f\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li>keepalive_timeout\uff1a\u6307\u5b9aHTTP keep-alive\u8fde\u63a5\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>multi_accept\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u591a\u4e2a worker \u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<li>gzip\uff1a\u662f\u5426\u542f\u7528gzip\u538b\u7f29\u4f20\u8f93\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>ssl\uff1a\u5f00\u542fSSL\u652f\u6301\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>use\uff1a\u6dfb\u52a0 nginx \u6a21\u5757\uff1b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u66f4\u591a\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f\u8be6\u89c1\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/nginx.org\/en\/docs\/\">https:\/\/nginx.org\/en\/docs\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u591a\u6307\u4ee4\u8be6\u89c1\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/nginx.org\/en\/docs\/dirindex.html\">https:\/\/nginx.org\/en\/docs\/dirindex.html<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>nginx\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>$request_method\uff1a\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982 GET\u3001POST\u3001PUT\u3001DELETE\u3001HEAD \u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li>$host: \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>$http_referer: \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684 HTTP referer \u5934\u90e8\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>$http_user_agent: \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684 User-Agent \u5934\u90e8\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>$remote_addr: \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<li>$request_body: \u8bf7\u6c42\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>$request_uri: \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684 URI \u5305\u62ec\u53c2\u6570\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>$args<\/code>: \u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u540c<code>$query_string<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<li>$scheme: \u8bf7\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 http \u6216 https\u3002<\/li>\n<li>$server_name: Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u5f53\u524d\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/li>\n<li>$server_port: Nginx \u76d1\u542c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5728Nginx\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u52a8\u6001\u53c2\u6570\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u90e8\u5b57\u6bb5\u83b7\u53d6\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6Nginx\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u5404\u79cd\u6307\u4ee4\uff08\u5982if\u3001set\u3001map\uff09\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662fNginx\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5185\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u53ca\u5176\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>$request_method\uff1a\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982 GET\u3001POST\u3001PUT\u3001DELETE\u3001HEAD \u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">if ($request_method = POST) {\n    return 405;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>$host\uff1a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">server {\n    listen 80;\n    server_name example.com;\n\n    location \/ {\n        proxy_pass http:\/\/backend;\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>$scheme\uff1a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5982 http \u6216 https\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>if ($scheme = http) {\n    return 301 https:\/\/$server_name$request_uri;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>$request_uri\uff1a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5b8c\u6574 URI\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>location ~ \\.php$ {\n    fastcgi_pass backend;\n    fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;\n    fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>$remote_addr\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>geo $blocked_country {\n    default no;\n    include \/etc\/nginx\/conf.d\/blocked_country.txt;\n}\n\nserver {\n    if ($blocked_country) {\n        return 403;\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>$args\uff1a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53c2\u6570\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>location \/search\/ {\n    if ($args ~* &quot;q=(.*)&quot;) {\n        set $query $1;\n    }\n\n    proxy_pass http:\/\/backend\/search?q=$query;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>$http_referer\uff1aHTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4e2d\u7684 referer \u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4ece\u54ea\u4e2a\u7f51\u9875\u94fe\u63a5\u8fc7\u6765\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>if ($http_referer ~* (spamdomain.com|adsite.com)) {\n    return 403;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>$http_user_agent\uff1aHTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4e2d\u7684 User-Agent \u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u53d1\u8d77\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>if ($http_user_agent ~* &quot;MSIE [1-6]\\.&quot;) {\n    return 403;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>$server_name\uff1a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>server {\n    listen 80;\n    server_name example.com;\n\n    location \/ {\n        root \/var\/www\/example.com;\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>$server_addr\uff1aNginx \u76d1\u542c\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>server {\n    listen 127.0.0.1:8080;\n    server_name example.com;\n\n    location \/ {\n        proxy_pass http:\/\/backend;\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b98\u7f51\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u591a\u5185\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u8be6\u89c1\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/nginx.org\/en\/docs\/varindex.html\">https:\/\/nginx.org\/en\/docs\/varindex.html<\/a><\/p>\n<h4>set\u8be6\u7ec6\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662fnginx\u914d\u7f6e\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7528\u6cd5\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>set $variable value;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c$variable\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0cvalue\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6587\u672c\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7b49\u7b49\u3002set\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728http\u3001server\u3001location\u3001if\u7b49\u5757\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c<code>set<\/code>\u6307\u4ee4\u53ea\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728 http \u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u5c06\u5728\u6574\u4e2a Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728 server \u548c location \u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7b49\u7ec6\u5206\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4ec5\u5728\u8be5\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u662f\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u60a8\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528nginx\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<code>$uri<\/code>\u3001<code>$request_method<\/code>\u7b49\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5b9a\u4e49\u53c2\u6570\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528set\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5b9a\u4e49\u53c2\u6570\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>http {\n    #\u5b9a\u4e49\u5168\u5c40\u53c2\u6570\u53d8\u91cf\n    set $var &quot;\/path\/to\/some\/file.txt&quot;;\n    ...\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528$\u7b26\u53f7\u5f15\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>location \/ {\n    ...\n    #\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u53d8\u91cf\n    rewrite ^(.*)$ $var;\n    ...\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>\u53c2\u6570\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u62fc\u63a5\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>concat<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u53c2\u6570\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u62fc\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>http {\n    #\u5b9a\u4e49\u5168\u5c40\u53c2\u6570\u53d8\u91cf\n    set $base_url &quot;https:\/\/example.com\/&quot;;\n    ...\n}\n\nlocation \/ {\n    ...\n    #\u5c06\u53c2\u6570\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u62fc\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\n    set $img_url &quot;\/img\/&quot;;\n    set $full_path &quot;${base_url}$(uri)${img_url}&quot;;\n    ...\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>\u53c2\u6570\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>location ~* \\.(jpeg|jpg|png)$ {\n    ...\n    #\u5c06\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u53c2\u6570\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\n    set $img_type $1;\n    ...\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4ece\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code>set $my_var $arg_var;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4ece\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u4e86\u540d\u4e3aarg_var\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u503c\u8d4b\u7ed9$my_var\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code>set $my_var 10;\nset $my_var2 20;\nset $my_var3 $my_var+$my_var2;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c<code>$my_var<\/code>\u7684\u503c\u4e3a10\uff0c<code>$my_var2<\/code>\u7684\u503c\u4e3a20\uff0c<code>$my_var3<\/code>\u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u548c30\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528map\u6a21\u5757\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5339\u914d\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code>map $uri $my_var {\n    \/page1.html &quot;This is page 1.&quot;;\n    \/page2.html &quot;This is page 2.&quot;;\n    default &quot;This page does not exist.&quot;;\n}\n\nset $my_var2 $my_var;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528map\u6a21\u5757\u7ed9<code>$uri<\/code>\u53d8\u91cf\u5339\u914d\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5339\u914d\u5230\u4e86<code>\/page1.html<\/code>\uff0c\u5219<code>$my_var<\/code>\u7684\u503c\u4e3a&quot;This is page 1.&quot;\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5982\u679c\u5339\u914d\u5230\u4e86<code>\/page2.html<\/code>\uff0c\u5219<code>$my_var<\/code>\u7684\u503c\u4e3a&quot;This is page 2.&quot;\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5219<code>$my_var<\/code>\u7684\u503c\u4e3a&quot;This page does not exist.&quot;\u3002\u5728set\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>$my_var<\/code>\u6765\u5f15\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u7b80\u5316\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u786c\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>http {\n    #\u5b9a\u4e49\u5168\u5c40\u53c2\u6570\u53d8\u91cf\n    set $base_url &quot;https:\/\/example.com\/&quot;;\n    set $img_url &quot;\/img\/&quot;;\n    ...\n}\n\nserver {\n    listen 80;\n    server_name example.com;\n    #\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684ssl\u7aef\u53e3\n    return 301 https:\/\/$server_name$request_uri;\n}\n\nserver {\n    listen 443 ssl;\n    server_name example.com;\n    ...\n    location \/ {\n        #\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u4ee3\u7406\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684upstream\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u53d8\u91cf\n        proxy_pass ${base_url}upstream;\n        ...\n    }\n    location ~* \\.(jpeg|jpg|png)$ {\n        #\u5c06\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u53c2\u6570\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u53d8\u91cf\n        set $img_type $1;\n        ...\n        add_header Content-Disposition &quot;attachment; filename=${img_type}&quot;;\n        ...\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528set\u6307\u4ee4\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0Nginx\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5e94\u6ee5\u7528\u3002\u82e5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\u6216\u5f15\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u95ee\u9898\u3002 \u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cNginx\u7684set\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7ec4\u5408\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7b80\u5316\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u5e94\u5f53\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u8c28\u614e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>map\u8be6\u7ec6\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p>Nginx map\u6307\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u751f\u6210\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e00\u7ec4\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7ec4\u5408\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6620\u5c04\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u8fbe\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u5f53\u524d\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528map\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e4b\u524d\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u903b\u8f91\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>map\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>map $variable { \n    key value; \n    key value;\n    ...\n    default value;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c$variable\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e\u5bf9\u5e94\u6620\u5c04\u503c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002{}\u5185\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5360\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dkey\u4e3a\u8981\u5339\u914d\u7684\u503c\uff0cvalue\u4e3a\u5339\u914d\u6210\u529f\u540e\u8981\u8d4b\u4e88\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002\u6700\u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2adefault\u503c\uff0c\u5f53\u6240\u6709key\u68c0\u67e5\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528default\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2amap\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>map $request_uri $my_variable {\n    &quot;\/foo&quot;    &quot;foo&quot;;\n    &quot;\/bar&quot;    &quot;bar&quot;;\n    &quot;\/baz&quot;    &quot;baz&quot;;\n    default   &quot;nothing&quot;;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531<code>$request_uri<\/code>\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u5339\u914d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u5f53<code>$request_uri<\/code>\u7684\u503c\u4e3a&quot;\/foo&quot;\u3001&quot;\/bar&quot;\u3001&quot;\/baz&quot;\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u503c\u5c06\u88ab\u6620\u5c04\u4e3a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684&quot;foo&quot;\u3001&quot;bar&quot;\u3001&quot;baz&quot;\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5e76\u8d4b\u4e88<code>$my_variable<\/code>\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c<code>$my_variable<\/code>\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a&quot;nothing&quot;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>map\u6307\u4ee4\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u540d\u5206\u7ec4\uff1b\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528include\u8bed\u53e5\u5305\u542b\u5916\u90e8\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8emap\u6307\u4ee4\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0Nginx\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u5c3d\u91cf\u4f18\u5316\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u548c\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u5ea6\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cmap\u6307\u4ee4\u53ea\u80fd\u5728http\u3001server\u548clocation\u5757\u5185\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ea\u6709\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u624d\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cNginx\u7684map\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u751f\u6210\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u4fe1\u606f\u903b\u8f91\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u5e94\u5f53\u6ce8\u610f\u4f18\u5316\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u548c\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>events\u6a21\u5757\u8be6\u89e3<\/h2>\n<p>nginx\u4e2d\u7684events\u5757\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u5757\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u914d\u7f6e\u5168\u5c40\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aevents\u5757\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6ce8\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>events {\n  # \u8bbe\u7f6eworker\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aCPU\u4e2a\u6570\u7684\u500d\u6570\n  worker_processes 4;\n\n  # \u6bcf\u4e2aworker\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6570\n  worker_connections 1024;\n\n  # \u4f7f\u7528epoll\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528kqueue\u3001eventport\u7b49\n  use epoll;\n\n  # \u6bcf\u4e2aepoll\u8c03\u7528\u53ef\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\uff0c\u8bbe\u4e3aon\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\n  multi_accept on;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ce8\u91ca\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cevents\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u8981\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>worker_processes<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u793anginx\u8981\u5f00\u542f\u591a\u5c11\u4e2aworker\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aCPU\u4e2a\u6570\u7684\u500d\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u591a\u6838\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>worker_connections<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2aworker\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6700\u5927\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>use<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u793a\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u79cd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5305\u62ecepoll\u3001kqueue\u3001eventport\u7b49\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aselect\u3002<\/p>\n<p>epoll\u662fLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5f53\u6709IO\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u901a\u77e5\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8f6e\u8be2\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6027\u80fd\u3002 \u800ceventport\u662fSolaris\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u673a\u5236\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662fepoll\u8fd8\u662feventport\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>multi_accept<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2aepoll\u8c03\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u4e3aon\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u914d\u7f6eevents\u5757\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fdd\u8bc1nginx\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8fd0\u884c\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>http\u6a21\u5757\u8be6\u89e3<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728nginx\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0chttp\u5757\u662f\u6700\u9876\u5c42\u7684\u5757\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u914d\u7f6eHTTP\u534f\u8bae\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9009\u9879\u548c\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662fhttp\u5757\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3001\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6ce8\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u89e3\u91cahttp {\n    \/\/ \u57fa\u672c\u914d\u7f6e\u6307\u4ee4\n    ...\n    server {    \/\/ server\u5757\u914d\u7f6e\n        \/\/ server\u5757\u5185\u90e8\u914d\u7f6e\u6307\u4ee4\n        ...\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u89e3\u91cahttp {\n    # \u914d\u7f6eHTTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\n\n    # \u5b9a\u4e49\u65e5\u5fd7\u683c\u5f0f\n    log_format access &#039;$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] &#039;\n                      &#039;&quot;$request&quot; $status $body_bytes_sent &#039;\n                      &#039;&quot;$http_referer&quot; &quot;$http_user_agent&quot;&#039;;\n\n    # \u914d\u7f6eHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u548cHTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\n    include mime.types;\n    default_type application\/octet-stream;\n    server_tokens off;\n\n    # \u5f00\u542fgzip\u538b\u7f29\n    gzip on;\n\n    # \u914d\u7f6eHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u9650\u5236\n    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m rate=1r\/s;\n\n    # \u914d\u7f6eHTTP\u7f13\u5b58\n    proxy_cache_path \/data\/nginx\/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=my_cache:10m inactive=60m;\n    proxy_cache_key &quot;$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri&quot;;\n\n    # \u914d\u7f6eHTTP\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\n    upstream backend {\n        server 127.0.0.1:8000;\n        server 127.0.0.1:8001;\n    }\n    server {\n        listen 80;\n        server_name example.com;\n        location \/ {\n            proxy_pass http:\/\/backend;\n            proxy_cache my_cache;\n            proxy_set_header Host $host;\n            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;\n            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;\n            limit_req zone=one burst=10 nodelay;\n        }\n    }\n\n    # \u914d\u7f6eHTTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u9879\n    keepalive_timeout 65;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6ce8\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>include<\/code> \u7528\u6765\u5f15\u5165\u5176\u4ed6\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u5f15\u5165\u4e86mimetypes.types\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6eHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u548cHTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>default_type<\/code> \u7528\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684mime\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728mimetypes.types\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u5904\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>server_tokens<\/code> \u7528\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u5426\u5c06nginx\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u5728HTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u4e3a\u5173\u95ed\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>gzip<\/code>\uff1a\u5f00\u542fgzip\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u51cf\u5c0f\u4f20\u8f93\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>limit_req_zone<\/code> \u7528\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8be5\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u79d2\u949f\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>proxy_cache_path<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u914d\u7f6e\u7f13\u5b58\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>upstream<\/code> \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aupstream\u7684\u96c6\u7fa4\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>server<\/code> \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aHTTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u76d1\u542c80\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u57df\u540d\u4e0eupstream\u96c6\u7fa4\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>proxy_pass<\/code> \u914d\u7f6e\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>proxy_cache<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f13\u5b58zone\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>proxy_set_header<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6eHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>limit_req<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u9650\u5236\u8bf7\u6c42\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u8be5\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u9650\u5236\u4e3a\u4e00\u79d2\u949f\u6700\u591a\u5904\u740610\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u5219\u62d2\u7edd\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>root<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>index<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9875\u9762\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>location<\/code>\uff1a\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u7684URI\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u7f6e\u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u5982try_files\u3001proxy_set_header\u3001proxy_pass\u7b49\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7528\/\u8868\u793a\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u6839\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u9009\u9879\uff0chttp\u5757\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5982ssl\u7b49\u3002\u914d\u7f6ehttp\u5757\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7nginx -t\u547d\u4ee4\u68c0\u67e5\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7nginx -s reload\u547d\u4ee4\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>server\u6a21\u5757\u8be6\u89e3<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728Nginx\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0cserver\u5757\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\uff08Virtual Host\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8be5\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6240\u6709\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u3001\u57df\u540d\u3001TLS\u8bc1\u4e66\u3001\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u89e3\u91caserver {\n    listen       80;  # \u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3\n    server_name  example.com;  # \u57df\u540d\n    root         \/var\/www\/example.com;  # \u7f51\u7ad9\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\n    index        index.html index.htm;  # \u9ed8\u8ba4\u6587\u6863\n\n    location \/ {\n        try_files $uri $uri\/ \/index.html;  # \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd4\u56deindex.html\u9875\u9762\n    }\n\n    location \/images\/ {\n        deny all;  # \u7981\u6b62\u5916\u90e8\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\n    }\n\n    location \/api\/ {\n        proxy_pass http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000;  # \u5c06\/api\/\u8bf7\u6c42\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u5230\u672c\u5730\u76848000\u7aef\u53e3\n    }\n\n    error_page  404              \/404.html;\n    error_page  500 502 503 504  \/50x.html;\n\n    location = \/50x.html {\n        root   \/usr\/share\/nginx\/html;\n    }\n\n    location ~ \\.(gif|jpg|png)$ {\n        expires 1d;  # \u56fe\u7247\u7f13\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a1\u5929\n    }\n\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6ce8\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><code>listen<\/code>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u8be5\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\u3002\u4f8b\u5982<code>listen 80;<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3\u4e3a80\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>server_name<\/code>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u8be5\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u57df\u540d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982<code>server_name example.com;<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u5e94\u5bf9\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u57df\u540d\u4e3aexample.com\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>root<\/code>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u8be5\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u4f8b\u5982<code>root \/var\/www\/example.com;<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7ad9\u70b9\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e3a\/var\/www\/example.com\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>index<\/code>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u8be5\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6587\u6863\u3002\u4f8b\u5982<code>index index.html index.htm;<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u663e\u793aindex.html\u6216index.htm\u9875\u9762\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>location<\/code>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u8be5\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u5bf9\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684URL\u8def\u5f84\u5339\u914d\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>try_files<\/code>\uff1a\u5728\u5f53\u524dlocation\u4e2d\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6240\u6709URI\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u65f6\uff0cNginx\u4f1a\u4e00\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u5e76\u672a\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u627e\u5230\u7684 URI\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>deny all<\/code>\uff1a\u7981\u6b62\u5916\u90e8\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>proxy_pass<\/code>\uff1a\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u5230\u672c\u5730\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982<code>proxy_pass http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000;<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u5bf9\/api\/\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u5230\u672c\u673a\u76848000\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>error_page<\/code>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u9519\u8bef\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982404.html\u548c50x.html\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>location = \/50x.html<\/code>\uff1a\u5339\u914dURL\u8def\u5f84\u4e3a\/50x.html\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\/usr\/share\/nginx\/html\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u768450x.html\u9875\u9762\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>expires<\/code>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u8be5\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982<code>expires 1d;<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u5bf9\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a1\u5929\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5728Nginx\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2aserver\u5757\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5757\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u5f53\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u8fbeNginx\u65f6\uff0cNginx\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u6240\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684server\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u8be5\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u914d\u7f6e\u6240\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>root\u548calias\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h3>\n<p><code>root<\/code> \u548c <code>alias<\/code> \u90fd\u662f Nginx \u4e2d\u7528\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u548c\u6548\u679c\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>root<\/h4>\n<p><code>root<\/code> \u6307\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a Nginx \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5373\u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u89e3\u91caserver {\n    listen 80;\n    server_name example.com;\n    root \/var\/www\/html;\n    ...\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee example.com \u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f1a\u88ab\u6620\u5c04\u5230 <code>\/var\/www\/html<\/code> \u76ee\u5f55\uff0cNginx \u4f1a\u5728\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5bfb\u627e\u7f51\u7ad9\u9700\u8981\u7684\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c URL \u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u8def\u5f84\uff0cNginx \u4f1a\u5c06\u8def\u5f84\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230 <code>root<\/code> \u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u540e\u9762\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42 <code>http:\/\/example.com\/static\/img\/logo.png<\/code> \u4f1a\u88ab\u6620\u5c04\u5230 <code>\/var\/www\/html\/static\/img\/logo.png<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>alias<\/h4>\n<p><code>alias<\/code> \u6307\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e2a URI \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u672c\u5730\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9645\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u89e3\u91calocation \/static\/ {\n    alias \/var\/www\/static\/;\n    ...\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u4ee5 <code>\/static\/<\/code> \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u6620\u5c04\u5230 <code>\/var\/www\/static\/<\/code> \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8bf7\u6c42 <code>http:\/\/example.com\/static\/img\/logo.png<\/code> \u4f1a\u88ab\u6620\u5c04\u5230 <code>\/var\/www\/static\/img\/logo.png<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h4>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 <code>root<\/code> \u6307\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0cURI \u4e2d\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4f1a\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u5e76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bbf\u95ee\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0404\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 <code>alias<\/code> \u6307\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0cURI \u4e2d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u8def\u5f84\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u522b\u540d\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0404\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 <code>alias<\/code> \u6307\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0b\u9762\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u9879\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>alias<\/code> \u8def\u5f84\u672b\u5c3e\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a <code>\/<\/code>\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0404\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539 <code>location<\/code> \u5757\u5185\u7684 <code>try_files<\/code> \u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528 <code>alias<\/code> \u6307\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c alias \u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5230\u4e0a\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\u6216\u8005\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6307\u4ee4\u672b\u5c3e\u52a0\u4e0a\u659c\u6760(\/)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e0e <code>root<\/code> \u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 <code>alias<\/code> \u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 URI \u6307\u5411\u4efb\u610f\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6307\u5411 <code>root<\/code> \u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 <code>alias<\/code> \u6307\u4ee4\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d URI \u8def\u5f84\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u6df7\u6dc6\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c<code>root<\/code> \u548c <code>alias<\/code> \u90fd\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e <code>root<\/code> \u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u800c <code>alias<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c URI \u6307\u5411\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5e26\u6709\u8def\u5f84\u7684 URI \u65f6\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528 <code>alias<\/code> \u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 URI \u6307\u5411\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8 Nginx \u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>location\u6a21\u5757\u8be6\u89e3<\/h2>\n<p>Nginx\u4e2d\u7684location\u6307\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914dURI\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u5757\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u3002\u5728location\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5339\u914d\u89c4\u5219\u80fd\u591f\u8fbe\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3001\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662flocation\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>location [\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199][ = | ~ | ~* | ^~ ] uri {\n    ...\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7cbe\u786e\u5339\u914d\uff1a\u5728location\u6307\u4ee4\u7684URI\u524d\u9762\u4f7f\u7528\u201c=\u201d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u7cbe\u786e\u5339\u914d\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code>location = \/login {\n    ...\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u524d\u7f00\u5339\u914d\uff1a\u5728location\u6307\u4ee4\u7684URI\u524d\u9762\u4f7f\u7528\u201c^~\u201d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u524d\u7f00\u5339\u914d\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code>location ^~ \/images\/ {\n    ...\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff1a\u5728location\u6307\u4ee4\u7684URI\u524d\u9762\u4f7f\u7528\u201c~\u201d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code>location ~ \/blog {\n    ...\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff1a\u5728location\u6307\u4ee4\u7684URI\u524d\u9762\u4f7f\u7528\u201c~*\u201d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code>  location ~* \\.(gif|jpg|jpeg)$ {\n    ...\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u5206\u522b\u7ed9\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u5339\u914d\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u6ce8\u91ca\u3001\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u7cbe\u786e\u5339\u914d<\/h3>\n<p>\u7cbe\u786e\u5339\u914d\u4f7f\u7528\u201c=\u201d\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u6709URI\u5b8c\u5168\u5339\u914d\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684location\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5339\u914d\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6700\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>location = \/login {\n    proxy_pass http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8080\/login;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u6709URI\u4e3a\u201c\/login\u201d\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5339\u914d\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2alocation\u5757\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u524d\u7f00\u5339\u914d<\/h3>\n<p>\u524d\u7f00\u5339\u914d\u4f7f\u7528\u201c^~\u201d\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u6709\u5f53URI\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u5f00\u5934\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684location\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5339\u914d\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6bd4\u6b63\u5219\u5339\u914d\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>location ^~ \/static\/ {\n    root \/var\/www;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4ee5\u201c\/static\/\u201d\u5f00\u5934\u7684URI\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u5339\u914d\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2alocation\u5757\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u6b63\u5219\u5339\u914d\uff08\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff09<\/h3>\n<p>\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u5339\u914d\u4f7f\u7528\u201c~\u201d\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u6709\u7b26\u5408\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684URI\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5339\u914d\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2alocation\u5757\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>location ~ \/blog\/post\/\\d+ {\n    root \/var\/www\/blog\/;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5f62\u5982\u201c\/blog\/post\/\u201d+\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u7684URI\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u5339\u914d\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2alocation\u5757\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u6b63\u5219\u5339\u914d\uff08\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff09<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u5339\u914d\u4f7f\u7528\u201c~*\u201d\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u6709\u7b26\u5408\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684URI\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5339\u914d\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2alocation\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5339\u914d\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6700\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>location ~* \\.(gif|jpg|jpeg)$ {\n    root \/var\/www\/images\/;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4ee5\u201cgif\u201d\u3001\u201cjpg\u201d\u6216\u201cjpeg\u201d\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684URI\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u5339\u914d\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2alocation\u5757\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u6700\u4f18\u5339\u914d<\/h3>\n<pre><code>\u89e3\u91calocation \/ {\n    # \u6b64\u5904\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5339\u914d\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u65e0\u6cd5\u5339\u914d\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0a URI \u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5747\u6307\u5411 index.html\n    try_files $uri $uri\/ \/index.html;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>location\u6a21\u5757\u662fNginx\u7528\u6765\u5339\u914dURL\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5176\u5339\u914d\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u7cbe\u786e\u5339\u914d\uff1a\u5f53location\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684URI\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u5339\u914d\u8be5URI\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u8be5location\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5176\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6700\u9ad8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u524d\u7f00\u5339\u914d\uff1a\u5982\u679clocation\u5757\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ee5\u201c= \u201d\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5&quot;^~&quot;\u6216\u8005\u201c\/\u201d\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5219\u8868\u793a\u8be5location\u5757\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u7f00\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5f53\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684URI\u4e0e\u8be5\u524d\u7f00\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5339\u914d\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u8be5location\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982\u679cURI\u5339\u914d\u591a\u4e2a\u524d\u7f00\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u957f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5176\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6b21\u4e8e\u7cbe\u786e\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6b63\u5219\u5339\u914d\uff1a\u5f53location\u5757\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684URI\u4e0e\u8be5\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u8be5location\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u591a\u4e2alocation\u5757\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u90fd\u80fd\u5339\u914d\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684URI\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u62e9\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u6210\u529f\u7684location\u5757\uff0c\u5176\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u4f4e\u4e8e\u524d\u7f00\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6700\u4f18\u5339\u914d\uff1a\u5f53location\u5757\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3a\u201c\/\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5339\u914d\u6240\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6700\u4f4e\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u524d\u9762\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u5339\u914d\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u8be5location\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u591a\u4e2alocation\u5757\u90fd\u5339\u914d\u5f53\u524d\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684URI\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ea\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4e2d\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u90a3\u4e2alocation\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2alocation\u5757\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u62e9\u524d\u9762\u7684location\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0cNginx\u7684location\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5339\u914d\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540cURI\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002\u5339\u914d\u89c4\u5219\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u662f\u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u7684 \u7cbe\u786e\u5339\u914d &gt; \u524d\u7f00\u5339\u914d &gt; \u6b63\u5219\u5339\u914d\uff08\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff09&gt; \u6b63\u5219\u5339\u914d\uff08\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff09&gt; \u6700\u4f18\u5339\u914d \u6700\u540e\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8Nginx\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>proxy\u6a21\u5757<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728Nginx\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528proxy\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>proxy\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>proxy_pass\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662fIP\u5730\u5740\u6216\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u652f\u6301http\u3001https\u3001fastcgi\u3001uwsgi\u3001scgi\u7b49\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>proxy_set_header\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5411\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u591a\u4e2aheader\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982Host\u3001User-Agent\u3001Referer\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li>proxy_connect_timeout\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>proxy_read_timeout\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ece\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>proxy_send_timeout\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5411\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>proxy_buffering\uff1a\u5f00\u542f\u6216\u5173\u95ed\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5bf9\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u7f13\u5b58\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f00\u542f\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u914d\u5408proxy_buffer_size\u548cproxy_buffers\u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7f13\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>proxy_cache\uff1a\u5f00\u542f\u6216\u5173\u95ed\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5bf9\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f00\u542f\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u914d\u5408proxy_cache_path\u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7f13\u5b58\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u7f13\u5b58\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li>proxy_redirect\uff1a\u914d\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5bf9\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c06\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u89e3\u91caserver {\n    listen       80;\n    server_name  example.com;\n\n    location \/api {\n        proxy_pass http:\/\/backend_server;\n        proxy_set_header Host $host;\n        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;\n        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7listen\u6307\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u4e3a80\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7server_name\u6307\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u4e3aexample.com\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7location\u6307\u4ee4\u5339\u914d\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684uri\u4e3a<code>\/api<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2auri\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668<code>http:\/\/backend_server<\/code>\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7proxy_set_header\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c06\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684Host\u3001X-Real-IP\u3001X-Forwarded-For\u4fe1\u606f\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u9650\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0cnginx\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de502 Bad Gateway \u6216\u8005504 Gateway Timeout \u9519\u8bef\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u901a\u7545\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>upstream\u6a21\u5757<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728 Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0cupstream \u6a21\u5757\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u7ec4\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u548c\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662fupstream\u914d\u7f6e\u5757\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ce8\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u89e3\u91caupstream backend {\n    # \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u7ec4\u540d\u4e3abackend\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5217\u8868\n    server 127.0.0.1:8080;\n    server 127.0.0.1:8081;\n    server 127.0.0.1:8082;\n    # \u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e3a\u8f6e\u8be2\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7b97\u6cd5\u5305\u62ecip_hash\u3001random\u3001least_conn\u548chash\u7b49\n    # ip_hash\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefIP\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1b\n    # keepalive\uff1a\u542f\u7528\u957f\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4f20\u8f93\u6548\u7387\uff1b\n    # max_fails\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u6700\u5927\u5931\u8d25\u6b21\u6570\uff1b\n    # fail_timeout\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\uff1b\n    # backup\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u5907\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\n    # \u5173\u4e8e\u5404\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\uff1ahttp:\/\/nginx.org\/en\/docs\/http\/ngx_http_upstream_module.html\n    # \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728server\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u5355\u72ec\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u5982\uff1aserver backend1 weight=5 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=10s;\n    # \u5176\u4e2dweight\u8868\u793a\u6743\u91cd\uff0cmax_fails\u548cfail_timeout\u7528\u4e8e\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff0cweight\u8d8a\u5927\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d8a\u591a\n    # max_fails\u8868\u793a\u5728fail_timeout\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5931\u8d25\u6b21\u6570\n    # fail_timeout\u8868\u793a\u5728\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5931\u8d25\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5931\u8d25\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u628a\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7ed9\u5b83\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8fc7\u4e86fail_timeout\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728fail_timeout\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u53c8\u6062\u590d\u4e86\u6b63\u5e38\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c06\u91cd\u65b0\u53c2\u4e0e\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\n    # \u5982\u679c\u6240\u7528\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u662fip_hash\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefIP\u5730\u5740\u7684HASH\u503c\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u540c\u4e00\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f1a\u88ab\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\n    # \u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6216\u5931\u53bb\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u81ea\u52a8\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff1a10\u79d2\n    # \u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2akeepalive\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u590d\u7528\u540e\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5f00\u9500\n    # \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728http\u5757\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\n    # keepalive 8;\n    # keepalive_timeout\u8868\u793a\u4fdd\u6301\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u95f4(\u9ed8\u8ba475\u79d2)\n    # keepalive_requests\u8868\u793a\u5355\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u6700\u5927\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570(\u9ed8\u8ba4100)\n    # \u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7nginx -V\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\n    # \u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2aupstream\u5757\u5355\u72ec\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u53c2\u6570\n    # \u5982\uff1aupstream backend {\n    #          keepalive 64;\n    #          keepalive_timeout 65s;\n    #          keepalive_requests 100;\n    #      }\n    # \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u5219\u6cbf\u7528http\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728 server \u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528 upstream \u540d\u79f0\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u9762\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u548c\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u89e3\u91cahttp {\n    upstream backend {\n        server 127.0.0.1:8080;\n        server 127.0.0.1:8081;\n        server 127.0.0.1:8082;\n    }\n\n    server {\n        listen       80;\n        server_name  localhost;\n\n        location \/ {\n            proxy_pass  http:\/\/backend;\n            # \u5c06\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230backend\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\n            # \u5982\u679c\u5176\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\n        }\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>rewrite\u6307\u4ee4\u8be6\u89e3<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728Nginx\u4e2d\uff0crewrite\u5757\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u91cd\u5199URL\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9URL\u5339\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u6309\u7167\u4e00\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\u91cd\u5199URL\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662frewrite\u5757\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7528\u6cd5\u3001\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6ce8\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<pre><code>rewrite regex replacement [flag];<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code>regex<\/code>\uff1a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u91cd\u5199\u7684URL\u3002<\/p>\n<p><code>replacement<\/code>\uff1a\u91cd\u5199\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5728\u5339\u914d\u6210\u529f\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u7684URL\u3002<\/p>\n<p><code>flag<\/code>\uff1a\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9arewrite\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/h3>\n<pre><code>location \/new-location\/ {\n  rewrite ^\/new-location\/(.*)$ \/old-location\/$1 break;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a <code>\/new-location\/<\/code> \u7684 location \u5757\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8be5\u9875\u9762\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 rewrite \u6307\u4ee4\u5bf9\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684 URI \u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<p><code>^\/new-location\/(.*)$<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5339\u914d URI\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d <code>^<\/code> \u548c <code>$<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u5339\u914d\u8d77\u59cb\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c<code>\/new-location\/<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u5339\u914d URI \u7684\u5f00\u5934\u90e8\u5206\uff0c<code>(.*)<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u5339\u914d URI \u7684\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5339\u914d\u7ed3\u679c\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u53d8\u91cf $1 \u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><code>\/old-location\/$1<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u5c06\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684 URI \u7684\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u6dfb\u52a0\u5728 <code>\/old-location\/<\/code> \u540e\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684 URI\u3002<\/p>\n<p>break \u53c2\u6570\u8868\u793a\u5728\u91cd\u5199 URI \u4e4b\u540e\u505c\u6b62\u5904\u7406\u5f53\u524d\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 location \u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bf7\u6c42 <code>\/new-location\/path\/to\/resource<\/code>\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u5199\u4e3a <code>\/old-location\/path\/to\/resource<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0crewrite \u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u5728 server\u3001location \u7b49\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 flag \u53c2\u6570\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u91cd\u5199\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982 last\u3001redirect \u7b49\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0clast \u8868\u793a\u5728\u8fdb\u884c URI \u91cd\u5199\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u59cb\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 URI \u5904\u7406\uff0c\u800c redirect \u8868\u793a\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a URL\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>rewrite\u53ef\u9009\u53c2\u6570\u8be6\u89e3<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728nginx\u7684rewrite\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>break<\/code>\uff1a\u505c\u6b62\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u7684rewrite\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff1b<\/li>\n<li><code>last<\/code>\uff1a\u505c\u6b62\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u7684rewrite\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884cnginx\u7684location\u5339\u914d\uff1b<\/li>\n<li><code>redirect<\/code>\uff1a\u53d1\u9001302\u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff1b<\/li>\n<li><code>permanent<\/code>\uff1a\u53d1\u9001301\u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>break<\/code>\uff1a\u505c\u6b62\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u7684rewrite\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u5bf9uri\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff0cnginx\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62uri\u88ab\u91cd\u5199\u591a\u6b21\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code>\u89e3\u91calocation \/admin\/ {\n  rewrite ^(\/admin)(.*)$ $1\/index.html break;\n  proxy_pass http:\/\/backend\/;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679curi\u5339\u914d\u5230\/admin\/\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\/admin\/\u91cd\u5199\u4e3a\/admin\/index.html\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884cproxy_pass\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>last<\/code>\uff1a\u505c\u6b62\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u7684rewrite\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884cnginx\u7684location\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5373\u518d\u6b21\u8fdb\u5165location\u5757\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5339\u914d\u7684uri\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06uri\u653e\u5165\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5728rewrite\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u52a8\u6001\u6539\u53d8uri\u6216\u6307\u5b9a\u65b0\u7684location\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code>\u89e3\u91calocation \/old\/ {\n  rewrite ^\/old\/(.*)$ \/new\/$1 last;\n}\n\nlocation \/new\/ {\n  proxy_pass http:\/\/backend\/;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679curi\u5339\u914d\u5230<code>\/old\/<\/code>\uff0c\u5219\u5c06<code>\/old\/<\/code>\u540e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u91cd\u5199\u4e3a<code>\/new\/<\/code>\u540e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u5339\u914duri\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u5230<code>\/new\/<\/code>\u7684location\u5757\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>redirect<\/code>\uff1a\u53d1\u9001302\u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0c\u5c06\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u65b0\u7684uri\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u65b0\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0uri\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u5730\u5740\u680f\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code>rewrite ^\/login$ \/user\/login.html redirect;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679curi\u5339\u914d\u5230<code>\/login<\/code>\uff0c\u5c06\u53d1\u9001302\u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0c\u5c06\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230<code>\/user\/login.html<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>permanent<\/code>\uff1a\u53d1\u9001301\u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0c\u5c06\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u65b0\u7684uri\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u65b0\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0uri\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u5730\u5740\u680f\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code>rewrite ^\/old\/(.*)$ \/new\/$1 permanent;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679curi\u5339\u914d\u5230<code>\/old\/<\/code>\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7740\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5c06\u53d1\u9001301\u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0c\u5c06\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230<code>\/new\/<\/code>\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7740\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>access\u6a21\u5757<\/h2>\n<p>nginx access\u6a21\u5757\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u53ea\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u6216CIDR\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u5b83\u8bf7\u6c42\u5219\u4f1a\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5168\u5c40\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3001server\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u6216location\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n<h3>\u5168\u5c40\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728nginx\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528access\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709server\u6a21\u5757\u548clocation\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u89e3\u91cahttp {\n    ...\n    # \u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u914d\u7f6e\n    include \/path\/to\/access.conf;\n    ...\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0caccess.conf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9baccess\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528allow\u548cdeny\u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u8fdb\u884cIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>server\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728server\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528access\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u6307\u5b9a\u7684server\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u89e3\u91caserver {\n    listen 80;\n    server_name example.com;\n    ...\n    # \u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u914d\u7f6e\n    allow 192.168.1.0\/24;\n    deny all;\n    ...\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709192.168.1.0\/24\u7f51\u6bb5\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95eeexample.com\u57df\u540d\u4e0b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5176\u5b83IP\u5730\u5740\u5219\u4f1a\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>location\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728location\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528access\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u7684URL\u8def\u5f84\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u89e3\u91calocation \/admin\/ {\n    # \u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u914d\u7f6e\n    allow 192.168.1.100;\n    deny all;\n    ...\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709192.168.1.100\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\/admin\/\u8def\u5f84\u4e0b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5176\u5b83IP\u5730\u5740\u5219\u4f1a\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91caaccess\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u5404\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u548c\u7528\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<h3>allow\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>allow\u6307\u4ee4\u8868\u793a\u5141\u8bb8\u6307\u5b9a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u6216CIDR\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u8be5\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u7f6e\u591a\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u6216CIDR\uff0c\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u9694\u5f00\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>allow 192.168.1.100;\nallow 10.0.0.0\/24;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u8868\u793a\u5141\u8bb8192.168.1.100\u548c10.0.0.0\/24\u7f51\u6bb5\u4e0b\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u540c\u65f6\u914d\u7f6e\u4e86\u591a\u4e2aallow\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u6548\u679c\u4f1a\u53e0\u52a0\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2aallow\u6307\u4ee4\u5141\u8bb8\u4e86\u8be5IP\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5IP\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>deny\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>deny\u6307\u4ee4\u8868\u793a\u7981\u6b62\u6307\u5b9a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u6216CIDR\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u8be5\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u548callow\u6307\u4ee4\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>deny 192.168.1.0\/24;\ndeny 10.0.0.100;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u8868\u793a\u7981\u6b62192.168.1.0\/24\u7f51\u6bb5\u4e0b\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c10.0.0.100\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cdeny\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u9ad8\u4e8eallow\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u65e2\u7b26\u5408allow\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u53c8\u7b26\u5408deny\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5IP\u5730\u5740\u5c06\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>all\u6307\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>all\u6307\u4ee4\u8868\u793a\u5141\u8bb8\u6216\u7981\u6b62\u6240\u6709IP\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u8be5\u6307\u4ee4\u548callow\u548cdeny\u6307\u4ee4\u642d\u914d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>allow all;\nden all;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u5141\u8bb8\u6216\u7981\u6b62\u6240\u6709IP\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0call\u6307\u4ee4\u5728deny\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u9ad8\u4e8eallow\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u540c\u65f6\u914d\u7f6e\u4e86allow all\u548cdeny all\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6240\u6709IP\u5730\u5740\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0caccess\u6a21\u5757\u662fnginx\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5b9e\u73b0\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u573a\u666f\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>include\u6a21\u5757<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728Nginx\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0cinclude\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u5f00\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662finclude\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7528\u6cd5\u3001\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ce8\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u7528\u6cd5\uff1a\u5305\u542b\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code>\u89e3\u91ca#\u793a\u4f8b\u914d\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7801\nhttp {\n    include \/etc\/nginx\/mime.types;\n    include \/etc\/nginx\/conf.d\/*.conf;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 include \u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u8981\u6c42\u548c nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5373\u6bcf\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u6bcf\u6bb5\u914d\u7f6e\u4ee5\u5927\u62ec\u53f7\u5305\u56f4\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u907f\u514d\u5728 included \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u91cd\u590d\u5b9a\u4e49\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u5f15\u8d77\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u7684Nginx\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u914d\u7f6e\u591a\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5171\u540c\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528include\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5c06\u5171\u540c\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u5206\u5f00\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5171\u540c\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982common.conf\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u89e3\u91ca# common.conf\nlisten 80;\nlocation \/ {\n    try_files $uri $uri\/ =404;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528include\u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u5f15\u5165common.conf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u89e3\u91ca# site1.conf\nserver {\n    server_name site1.com;\n    include common.conf;\n    location \/ {\n        proxy_pass http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8080;\n    }\n}\n\n# site2.conf\nserver {\n    server_name site2.com;\n    include common.conf;\n    root \/var\/www\/site2;\n    index index.html;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7include\u6307\u4ee4\u5c06common.conf\u5f15\u5165\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u80fd\u591f\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u6ce8\u89e3\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0include\u6307\u4ee4\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5f15\u5165Nginx\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982mime.types\uff08\u5b9a\u4e49MIME\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u3001fastcgi.conf\uff08\u5b9a\u4e49FastCGI\u53c2\u6570\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u4f7f\u7528include\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u7ba1\u7406Nginx\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u90fd\u5199\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>ssl\u6a21\u5757<\/h2>\n<p>nginx\u7684ssl\u6a21\u5757\u7528\u4e8e\u542f\u7528HTTPS\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u914d\u7f6eSSL\/TLS\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662fssl\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7528\u6cd5\u3001\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6ce8\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u89e3\u91ca# \u914d\u7f6enginx\u4f7f\u7528\u7684SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u79c1\u94a5\nssl_certificate \/path\/to\/ssl.crt;\nssl_certificate_key \/path\/to\/ssl.key;\n\n# \u914d\u7f6essl\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\nssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3; # \u6307\u5b9a\u652f\u6301\u7684TLS\/SSL\u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c\nssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384; # \u914d\u7f6e\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\nssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # \u6307\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\n\n# \u914d\u7f6eSSL\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7f13\u5b58\nssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m; # \u6307\u5b9a\u7f13\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u540d\u79f0\nssl_session_timeout 5m; # \u6307\u5b9a\u7f13\u5b58\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\n\n# \u914d\u7f6essl\u5b89\u5168\u76f8\u5173\u9009\u9879\nssl_stapling on; # \u5f00\u542fOCSP\u72b6\u6001\u54cd\u5e94\nssl_stapling_verify on; # \u9a8c\u8bc1OCSP\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\nssl_trusted_certificate \/path\/to\/trust.crt; # \u914d\u7f6eCA\u8bc1\u4e66\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bc1\u4e66\n\n# \u914d\u7f6essl\u4ee3\u7406\u76f8\u5173\u9009\u9879\nproxy_ssl_server_name on; # \u5f00\u542fSSL Server Name Indication\nproxy_ssl_session_reuse on; # \u5f00\u542fSSL\u4f1a\u8bdd\u91cd\u7528\nproxy_ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3; # \u914d\u7f6e\u652f\u6301\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c\n\n# \u914d\u7f6essl\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bc1\u4e66\u8ba4\u8bc1\nssl_client_certificate \/path\/to\/ca.crt; # \u914d\u7f6eCA\u8bc1\u4e66\nssl_verify_client on; # \u5f00\u542f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bc1\u4e66\u8ba4\u8bc1\nssl_verify_depth 2; # \u914d\u7f6e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u94fe\u6700\u5927\u6df1\u5ea6\n\n# \u914d\u7f6essl\u9650\u901f\nlimit_rate 100k; # \u6307\u5b9a\u9650\u901f\u901f\u7387\nlimit_rate_after 5m; # \u6307\u5b9a\u9650\u901f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6ce8\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ssl_certificate\u548cssl_certificate_key\u5206\u522b\u914d\u7f6eSSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u79c1\u94a5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>ssl_protocols\u548cssl_ciphers\uff1a\u5206\u522b\u914d\u7f6e\u652f\u6301\u7684SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c\u548c\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>ssl_prefer_server_ciphers\u6307\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>ssl_session_cache\u548cssl_session_timeout\u5206\u522b\u914d\u7f6eSSL\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7f13\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>ssl_stapling\u5f00\u542fOCSP\u72b6\u6001\u54cd\u5e94\uff0cssl_stapling_verify\u9a8c\u8bc1OCSP\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li>ssl_trusted_certificate\u914d\u7f6eCA\u8bc1\u4e66\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002<\/li>\n<li>proxy_ssl_server_name\u5f00\u542fSSL Server Name Indication\uff08SNI\uff09\uff0cproxy_ssl_session_reuse\u5f00\u542fSSL\u4f1a\u8bdd\u91cd\u7528\uff0cproxy_ssl_protocols\u914d\u7f6e\u652f\u6301\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>ssl_client_certificate\u914d\u7f6eCA\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0cssl_verify_client\u5f00\u542f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bc1\u4e66\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0cssl_verify_depth\u914d\u7f6e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u94fe\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6df1\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>limit_rate\u548climit_rate_after\u914d\u7f6eSSL\u9650\u901f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>gzip\u6a21\u5757<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728nginx\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528gzip\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5f00\u542fgzip\u538b\u7f29\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u51e0\u4e2agzip\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8bf4\u660e<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>gzip_types\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528gzip\u7b97\u6cd5\u538b\u7f29\u7684MIME\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f&quot;text\/html&quot;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>gzip_vary\uff1a\u544a\u8bc9\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528gzip\u538b\u7f29\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0Vary: Accept-Encoding\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>gzip_proxied\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u542f\u7528gzip\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>gzip_comp_level\uff1a\u6307\u5b9agzip\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u538b\u7f29\u7ea7\u522b\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u538b\u7f29\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u8017\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u76f8\u5e94\u53d8\u957f\uff0c\u8303\u56f4\u662f1-9\uff089\u6700\u9ad8\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>gzip_buffers\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u538b\u7f29\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>gzip_http_version\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u6700\u5c0fHTTP\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6bd4\u8be5\u7248\u672c\u4f4e\u5219\u4e0d\u542f\u7528\u538b\u7f29\u3002<\/li>\n<li>gzip_disable\uff1a\u7981\u7528\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u67d0\u4e9b\u65e7\u7248Internet Explorer\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff0c\u4e0d\u652f\u6301gzip\u538b\u7f29\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b<\/h3>\n<pre><code>gzip on;\ngzip_types text\/plain text\/css application\/json application\/javascript text\/xml application\/xml application\/xml+rss text\/javascript;\ngzip_min_length 1024;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cgzip\u6307\u4ee4\u5f00\u542fgzip\u538b\u7f29\u529f\u80fd\uff0cgzip_types\u6307\u4ee4\u6307\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\uff0cgzip_min_length\u6307\u4ee4\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u6700\u5c0f\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cgzip_types\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u5fc5\u987b\u662fMIME\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3atype\/subtype\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u89e3\u91cahttp {\n    gzip on;\n    gzip_types text\/plain text\/css application\/json application\/javascript text\/xml application\/xml application\/xml+rss text\/javascript;\n    gzip_min_length 1024;\n    ...\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u542f\u4e86gzip\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u9700\u8981\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u5c0f\u5c0f\u4e8e1024\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0cnginx\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884cgzip\u538b\u7f29\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u6d4b\u8bd5gzip\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528curl\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5gzip\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u5426\u751f\u6548\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>curl -I -H &quot;Accept-Encoding: gzip&quot; http:\/\/example.com<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u663e\u793aHTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ecContent-Encoding\uff1agzip\u5934\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ecf\u8fc7gzip\u538b\u7f29\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f00\u542fgzip\u538b\u7f29\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6d88\u8017\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684CPU\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5efa\u8bae\u53ea\u9488\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f53\u79ef\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\u8fdb\u884cgzip\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610fgzip\u538b\u7f29\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u56fe\u7247\u3001\u97f3\u89c6\u9891\u7b49\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u538b\u7f29\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528gzip\u538b\u7f29\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>geo\u6a21\u5757<\/h2>\n<p>NGINX Geo\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u80fd\u591f\u6839\u636eIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8fdb\u884c\u6761\u4ef6\u5206\u652f\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u3001\u9650\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u6839\u636e\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8fdb\u884c\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code>\u89e3\u91ca# \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2ageo\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5339\u914d\u5730\u5740\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\ngeo $region {\n   default unknown;\n   192.168.1.0\/24 local;\n   172.16.0.0\/12 internal;\n   10.0.0.0\/8 internal;\n   180.169.0.0\/16 china;\n   192.168.0.0\/16 lan;\n}\n\nserver {\n   listen 80;\n   server_name example.com;\n\n   location \/ {\n       # \u6839\u636e$region\u5339\u914d\u6210\u529f\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\n       if ($region = china) {\n           proxy_pass http:\/\/china_servers;\n       }\n       if ($region = internal) {\n           proxy_pass http:\/\/internal_servers;\n       }\n       if ($region = local) {\n           proxy_pass http:\/\/local_servers;\n       }\n       proxy_pass http:\/\/default_servers;\n   }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>\u6839\u636e\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u9650\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code>\u89e3\u91ca# \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2ageo\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5339\u914d\u767d\u540d\u5355\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a0\ngeo $white_list {\n    default 0;\n    180.169.0.0\/16 1;\n}\n\nserver {\n    listen 80;\n    server_name example.com;\n\n    # \u5982\u679c$white_list\u5339\u914d\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de403\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u6b63\u5e38\u8fdb\u884c\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\n    if ($white_list) {\n        return 403;\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5747\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u7ed3\u5408\u5177\u4f53\u573a\u666f\u7075\u6d3b\u8fd0\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86nginx\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u3001\u5e38\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5404\u4f4d\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u770b\u5b8c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4ee5\u540e\u90fd\u80fd\u719f\u7ec3\u4f7f\u7528nginx\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u70b9\u8d5e\u6536\u85cf\u5173\u6ce8\u4e09\u8fde\uff0c\u4ee5\u8d44\u9f13\u52b1\uff0c\u8c22\u8c22\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nginx\u5b89\u88c5\u914d\u7f6e\u8be6\u89e3 Nginx\u7b80\u4ecb Nginx\uff08\u201cengine x\u201d\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u91c7\u7528\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u5f02   \u2026 &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[103],"tags":[104],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9167"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9167"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9167\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9168,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9167\/revisions\/9168"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9167"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9167"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9167"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}