{"id":9117,"date":"2024-01-19T14:50:26","date_gmt":"2024-01-19T06:50:26","guid":{"rendered":"\/?p=9117"},"modified":"2024-01-19T16:55:36","modified_gmt":"2024-01-19T08:55:36","slug":"%e8%87%aa%e7%84%b6%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%e5%88%b0%e9%a1%b9%e7%9b%ae%e5%ae%9e%e8%b7%b53%ef%bc%9a%e6%96%87%e6%9c%ac%e8%a1%a8%e7%a4%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/?p=9117","title":{"rendered":"\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u5b9e\u6218\uff1a\u4ece\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u9879\u76ee\u5b9e\u8df53\uff1a\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u5411\u91cf x \u8868\u793a\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u6587\u672c\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u5c5e\u6027\u3002 \u2014\u2014\u7ea6\u963f\u592b \u2022 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3-1\uff1a\u672c\u7ae0\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u8bba\u6570\u636e\u662f\u6587\u672c\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u8fd8\u662f\u8bed\u97f3\uff0c\u7279\u5f81\u8868\u793a\u662f\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u8868\u793a\u5f80\u5f80\u8981\u590d\u6742\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5148\u6765\u770b\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u6570\u503c\u8868\u793a\u7684\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5047\u5982\u73b0\u5728\u8981\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u732b\u72d7\u56fe\u50cf\u5206\u7c7b\u5668\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bad\u7ec3\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5411\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u6807\u6ce8\u597d\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u56fe\u50cf\u9988\u9001\u5230\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe\u50cf\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u662f\u4ee5\u50cf\u7d20\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\uff0c\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 <strong>[i,j]<\/strong> \u8868\u793a\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u50cf\u7d20 <strong>i,j<\/strong>\u3002\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5143\u7d20 <strong>[i,j]<\/strong> \u5904\u7684\u5b9e\u6570\u503c\u8868\u793a\u56fe\u50cf\u4e2d\u76f8\u5e94\u50cf\u7d20\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u5982 \u56fe 3-2 \u6240\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u77e9\u9635\u8868\u793a\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u8868\u793a\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u3002\u89c6\u9891\u4e5f\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\uff1a\u89c6\u9891\u53ea\u662f\u5e27\u7684\u96c6 \u5408\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5e27\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u5e45\u56fe\u50cf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u89c6\u9891\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u5e27\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20240117161250982.png\" alt=\"image-20240117161250982\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe 3-2\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\uff08\u53c2\u89c1 Suraj Bansal \u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u201cConvolutional Neural  Networks Explained\u201d\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u8003\u8651\u8bed\u97f3\uff0c\u8bed\u97f3\u662f\u4ee5\u6ce2\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u8868\u793a\u8bed\u97f3\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6ce2\u8fdb\u884c\u91c7\u6837\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u5176\u632f\u5e45\uff08\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 3-3 \u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20240117161322518.png\" alt=\"image-20240117161322518\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe 3-3\uff1a\u5bf9\u8bed\u97f3\u6ce2\u5f62\u8fdb\u884c\u91c7\u6837<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u91c7\u6837\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u58f0\u6ce2\u5728\u56fa\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u7684\u632f\u5e45\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 3-4 \u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20240117161353666.png\" alt=\"image-20240117161353666\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe 3-4\uff1a\u7528\u6570\u503c\u5411\u91cf\u8868\u793a\u7684\u8bed\u97f3\u4fe1\u53f7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u56fe\u50cf\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u548c\u8bed\u97f3\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u3002 \u90a3\u4e48\u6587\u672c\u5462\uff1f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6587\u672c\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u672c\u7ae0\u4f1a\u96c6\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u6bb5\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5b83\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u53eb\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u51e0\u5341 \u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e00\u76f4\u8ba8\u8bba\u5230\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8868\u793a<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u793a<\/li>\n<li>\u4eba\u5de5\u7279\u5f81<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u9010\u4e00\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u56db\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6bcf\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u4e0b\u573a\u666f\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u6ce8\u597d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u60c5\u611f\u5206\u6790\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86 \u6b63\u786e\u9884\u6d4b\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u9700\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6b63\u786e\u63d0\u53d6\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u628a\u63e1\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5173\u952e\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u628a\u53e5\u5b50\u5207\u5206\u6210\u8bcd\u7d20\u3001\u8bcd\u548c\u77ed\u8bed\u7b49\u8bcd\u6cd5\u5355\u4f4d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u63a8\u5bfc\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6cd5\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7406\u89e3\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\uff08\u8bed\u6cd5\uff09\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7406\u89e3\u53e5\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\uff08\u610f\u4e49\uff09\u662f\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5173\u952e\u70b9\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u597d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5168\u529b\u4fc3\u6210\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u70b9\u7684\u63d0\u53d6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u6587\u672c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u591a\u5927\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u5c06\u9876\u7ea7\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u5411\u666e\u901a \u7b97\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4f60\u8d70\u5f97\u66f4\u8fdc\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u5148\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d2f\u7a7f\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u5411\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f4\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>1.\u5411\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f4\u6a21\u578b<\/h2>\n<p>\u4ece\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5f15\u8a00\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5c06\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u67d0\u79cd\u6570\u5b66\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u5411\u91cf\u5c06\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u6587\u672c\u5355\u5143\uff08\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u97f3\u7d20\u3001\u8bcd\u3001\u77ed \u8bed\u3001\u53e5\u5b50\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u548c\u6587\u6863\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u53eb<strong>\u5411\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f4\u6a21\u578b\uff08vector space model, VSM\uff09<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5411\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f4\u6a21\u578b\u662f \u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4ee3\u6570\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u672c\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5411\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f4\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u6587\u6863\u8bc4\u5206\u3001\u6587\u6863\u5206\u7c7b \u548c\u6587\u6863\u805a\u7c7b\u7b49\u8bb8\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u68c0\u7d22\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5411\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f4\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5c06\u6587\u672c\u5355\u5143\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6a21 \u578b\u3002\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u7d22\u5f15\u53f7\u5411\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8ba1 \u7b97\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u7684\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4f59\u5f26\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\uff1a\u5bf9\u5e94\u5411\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u5939\u89d2\u7684\u4f59\u5f26\u3002 0\u00b0\u7684\u4f59\u5f26\u4e3a 1\uff0c180\u00b0\u7684\u4f59\u5f26\u4e3a \u20131\uff0c\u4e14\u4f59\u5f26\u4ece 0\u00b0\u5230 180\u00b0\u5355\u8c03\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf A \u548c B\uff0c \u6bcf\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\u90fd\u6709 n \u4e2a\u5206\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u8ba1\u7b97\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20240117161727449.png\" alt=\"image-20240117161727449\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d Ai \u548c Bi \u5206\u522b\u662f\u5411\u91cf A \u548c B \u7684\u7b2c i \u4e2a\u5206\u91cf\u3002\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528\u5411\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6b27\u6c0f\u8ddd\u79bb\u6765 \u6355\u6349\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002 \u672c\u7ae0\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5411\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f4\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728 \u4e8e\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u80fd\u5426\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u6355\u6349\u6587\u672c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba8\u8bba\u5404\u79cd\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>2.\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n<p>\u5148\u4ece\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u5f00\u59cb\uff1a\u5c06<strong>\u6587\u672c\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868<\/strong>\uff08<strong><em>V<\/em><\/strong>\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684 ID\uff08\u6574\u6570\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u6216\u6587\u6863\u8868\u793a\u4e3a V \u7ef4\u5411\u91cf\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5982\u4f55 \u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff1f\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u53ea\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u2014\u2014<strong><em>D1\u3001D2\u3001D3\u3001D4<\/em><\/strong>\uff0c\u5982\u8868 3-1 \u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u88683-1\uff1a\u7b80\u6613\u8bed\u6599\u5e93<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u6587\u6863\u7f16\u53f7<\/th>\n<th>\u6587\u6863\u5185\u5bb9<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><em>D1<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Dog bites man.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><em>D2<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Man bites dog.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><em>D3<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Dog eats meat.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><em>D4<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Man eats food.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u5c06\u6587\u672c\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u683c\u5f0f\u5e76\u5ffd\u7565\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u7531\u516d\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a[dog,  bites, man, eats, meat, food]\u3002\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4efb\u4f55\u987a\u5e8f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u672c\u4f8b\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u8bcd\u6c47\u5728\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u516d\u7ef4\u5411\u91cf\u8868\u793a\u3002\u672c\u8282\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9 \u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u6587\u672c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6309\u7167\u7b2c 2 \u7ae0\u7684\u9884\u5904\u7406\u6b65\u9aa4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9884\u5904\u7406\uff08\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u3001 \u5220\u9664\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7\u7b49\uff09\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u8bcd\uff08\u5c06\u6587\u672c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u8bcd\uff09\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u4ece<strong>\u72ec\u70ed\u7f16\u7801\uff08one-hot  encoding\uff09<\/strong>\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2.1\u72ec\u70ed\u7f16\u7801<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u72ec\u70ed\u7f16\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd w \u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ecb\u4e8e 1 \u548c |<strong><em>V<\/em><\/strong>| \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6574\u6570 ID\uff0c <strong><em>w<\/em><\/strong>id\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d <strong><em>V<\/em><\/strong> \u662f\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd\u90fd\u7531 <strong><em>V<\/em><\/strong> \u7ef4\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5411\u91cf\uff08\u82e5\u5e72 0 \u548c 1\uff09\u8868 \u793a\u3002\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 =<strong><em>w<\/em><\/strong>id \u5904\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210 1\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u7528 0 \u586b\u5145\u3002\u591a\u4e2a\u8bcd\u8868\u793a\u7ecf\u7ec4\u5408\u540e\u5f62 \u6210\u53e5\u5b50\u8868\u793a\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u6613\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u8fd9\u516d\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u552f\u4e00\u7684 ID\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>dog=1, bites=2,  man=3, meat=4, food=5, eats=62\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u516d\u7ef4\u5411\u91cf\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u201cdog\u201d\u6620 \u5c04\u5230 ID 1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 dog \u8868\u793a\u4e3a [1 0 0 0 0 0]\u3002bites \u8868\u793a\u4e3a [0 1 0 0 0]\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c D1 \u8868\u793a\u4e3a [ [1 0 0 0 0] [0 1 0 0 0] [0 0 1 0 0 0] ]\u3002D4 \u8868\u793a\u4e3a [ [0 0 1 0 0] [0 0 0  0 1 0] [0 0 0 0 0 1] ]\u3002\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u6863\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\u8868\u793a\u3002 \u73b0\u5728\u4ece\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u5728 Python \u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u72ec\u70ed\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u72ec\u70ed\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 scikit-learn \u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u72ec\u70ed\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8981\u9ad8\u5f88\u591a\u3002 \u56e0\u4e3a\u6587\u672c\u9700\u8981\u5206\u8bcd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a7a\u767d\u5904\u62c6\u5206\u6587\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">def get_onehot_vector(somestring): \n    onehot_encoded = [] \n    for word in somestring.split(): \n         temp = [0]*len(vocab) \n         if word in vocab: \n            temp[vocab[word]-1] = 1 \n         onehot_encoded.append(temp) \n    return onehot_encoded \nget_onehot_vector(processed_docs[1])<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a[[0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u5b83\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u548c\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002\u4ece\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u72ec\u70ed\u7f16\u7801\u662f\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\uff0c\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u72ec\u70ed\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0e\u8bcd\u6c47\u91cf\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u91cf\u3002 \u8fd9\u5c06\u9020\u6210\u7a00\u758f\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5411\u91cf\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u96f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387 \u4f4e\u4e0b\uff08\u7a00\u758f\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fc7\u62df\u5408\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u72ec\u70ed\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\u5e76\u975e\u56fa\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6587\u672c\u670910 \u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e0e 5 \u4e2a\u8bcd\u6587\u672c\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u8868\u793a\u5c06\u66f4\u957f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u91cf\u9700\u8981\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u72ec\u70ed\u5411\u91cf\u628a\u8bcd\u770b\u4f5c\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bcd\u4e0e\u8bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u4e09\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff1arun\u3001 ran \u548c apple\u3002run \u548c ran \u610f\u601d\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0crun \u548c apple \u610f\u601d\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u53d6\u5b83\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5411\u91cf\uff0c \u8ba1\u7b97\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6b27\u6c0f\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\uff08\u6839\u53f7 2 \uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ece\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0a \u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u72ec\u70ed\u5411\u91cf\u5f88\u96be\u6355\u6349\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u8bcd\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5047\u8bbe\u73b0\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u6613\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u53e5\u5b50\u201cman eats fruits\u201d\uff0c \u7531\u4e8e\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u201cfruits\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6a21\u578b\u65e0\u6cd5\u8868\u793a\u5b83\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u672a\u767b\u5f55\u8bcd\uff08out of  vocabulary, OOV\uff09\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u72ec\u70ed\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5904\u7406\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u6269\u5c55\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u3001 \u7ed9\u65b0\u8bcd\u5206\u914d ID\u3001\u91cd\u65b0\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u72ec\u70ed\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u72ec\u70ed\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u7f3a\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8bcd\u888b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2.2\u8bcd\u888b<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u8bcd\u888b\uff08bag of words, BoW\uff09<\/strong>\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684 \u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u6587\u672c\u5206\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c 4 \u7ae0\uff09\u3002\u8bcd\u888b\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u5173\u952e\u601d\u60f3\u662f\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u8bed\u5883\uff0c \u5c06\u6240\u8003\u8651\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u201c\u4e00\u888b\u8bcd\u201d\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bcd\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff09\u3002\u8bcd\u888b\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u76f4\u89c9\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u6587\u672c\u7531\u4e00\u7ec4\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8bcd\u6765\u8868\u5f81\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u7247\u6bb5\u5177\u6709\u51e0\u4e4e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u90a3 \u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u888b\u5b50\uff08\u7c7b\u522b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u6587\u672c\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\uff08\u888b\u5b50\uff09\u3002 \u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u72ec\u70ed\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u8bcd\u888b\u4e5f\u5c06\u8bcd\u6620\u5c04\u5230 1 \u548c |V| \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6574\u6570 ID\u3002\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a |V| \u7ef4\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u7b2c i \u4e2a\u5206\u91cf\uff08i=<strong><em>w<\/em><\/strong>id\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bcd w \u5728\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u6839\u636e\u8bcd\u5728\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u6765\u7ed9 V \u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6253\u5206\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b80\u6613\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\uff08\u89c1\u8868 3-1\uff09\uff0c\u8bcd ID \u5206\u522b\u4e3a dog=1, bites=2, man=3, meat=4, food=5,  eats=6\uff0cD1 \u53d8\u4e3a [1 1 1 0 0 0]\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u524d\u4e09\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5728 D1 \u4e2d\u6b63\u597d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c \u540e\u4e09\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u3002D4 \u53d8\u4e3a [0 0 1 0 1 1]\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer \ncount_vect = CountVectorizer() \n# \u4e3a\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u6784\u5efa\u8bcd\u888b\u8868\u793a\nbow_rep = count_vect.fit_transform(processed_docs) \n# \u6253\u5370\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u6620\u5c04\nprint(&quot;Our vocabulary: &quot;, count_vect.vocabulary_) \n# \u6253\u5370\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u7684\u8bcd\u888b\u8868\u793a\nprint(&quot;BoW representation for &#039;dog bites man&#039;: &quot;, bow_rep[0].toarray()) \nprint(&quot;BoW representation for &#039;man bites dog: &quot;,bow_rep[1].toarray()) \n# \u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u83b7\u53d6\u65b0\u6587\u672c\u7684\u8868\u793a\ntemp = count_vect.transform([&quot;dog and dog are friends&quot;]) \nprint(&quot;Bow representation for &#039;dog and dog are friends&#039;:&quot;, \ntemp.toarray())<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u201cdog and dog are friends\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bcd\u201cdog\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00 \u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u503c\u4e3a 2\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5b83\u5728\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9891\u7387\u3002\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u8bcd\u5728\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9891 \u7387\uff0c\u53ea\u60f3\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5df2\u7ecf\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u9891\u7387\u7684\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u60c5\u611f\u5206\u6790\u662f\u6709\u7528\u7684\uff08\u89c1 Daniel Jurafsky \u548c James H. Martin \u7684\u8457\u4f5c Speech and Language  Processing (3rd ed. draft) \u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c 4 \u7ae0\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u4f7f\u7528 binary=True \u9009\u9879\u521d\u59cb\u5316CountVectorizer\uff0c\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">count_vect = CountVectorizer(binary=True) \nbow_rep_bin = count_vect.fit_transform(processed_docs) \ntemp = count_vect.transform([&quot;dog and dog are friends&quot;]) \nprint(&quot;Bow representation for &#039;dog and dog are friends&#039;:&quot;, temp.toarray())<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8868\u793a\u3002CountVectorizer \u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u5b57\u7b26\u548c\u8bcd\u7684 n-gram\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e0b\u9762\u6765\u770b\u770b\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e0e\u72ec\u70ed\u7f16\u7801\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8bcd\u888b\u4e5f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u8bcd\u888b\u5411\u91cf\u8868\u793a\u540e\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u6587\u6863\u8ddd\u79bb\u66f4\u8fdc\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u6587\u6863\u8ddd\u79bb\u66f4\u8fd1\u3002 D1 \u548c D2 \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e3a 0\uff0c\u800c D1 \u548c D4 \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e3a 2\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bcd\u888b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f4\u6355\u83b7\u4e86\u6587\u6863\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5411\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u4f1a\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u5219\u4f1a\u66f4\u8fdc\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8bcd\u888b\u8868\u793a\u4e5f\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u968f\u7740\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u7684\u589e\u5927\u800c\u589e\u5927\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7a00\u758f\u6027\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u63a7\u5236\u7a00\u758f\u6027\u7684\u4e00 \u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u9650\u5236\u5728\u524d n \u4e2a\u6700\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8bcd\u888b\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u80fd\u6355\u6349\u5230\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\uff1a\u201cI run\u201d, \u201cI ran\u201d\u548c\u201cI  ate\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u7684\u8bcd\u888b\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u662f\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8bcd\u888b\u8868\u793a\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u672a\u767b\u5f55\u8bcd\uff08\u5373\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u4ece\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u7684\u65b0\u8bcd\uff09\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u8bcd\u888b\u662f\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u201c\u888b\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u8bed\u5e8f\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u8bcd\u888b\u8868\u793a\u4e2d\u4e22\u5931\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u8bcd\u888b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0cD1 \u548c D2 \u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8868\u793a\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u539f\u7406\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u6613\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u8bcd\u888b\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6587\u672c\u5206\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2.3n-gram\u888b<\/h3>\n<p>\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u5c06\u8bcd\u89c6\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u77ed\u8bed\u6216\u8bcd\u5e8f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002n-gram \u888b\uff08bag-of-n-grams, BoN\uff09\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u6587\u672c\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u5757\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5757\u7531 n \u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u8bcd\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6355\u83b7\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8bed\u5883\uff0c\u800c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u65e0\u6cd5\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5757\u53eb <strong>n-gram<\/strong>\u3002\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868 V \u5219\u662f\u6587\u672c\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u540c n-gram \u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u7531\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a |V| \u7684\u5411\u91cf\u8868\u793a\u3002\u8be5\u5411\u91cf\u53ea\u7edf\u8ba1\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684 n-gram \u7684\u9891\u7387\u8ba1\u6570\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d \u5b58\u5728\u7684 n-gram\uff0c\u9891\u7387\u8ba1\u6570\u4e3a\u96f6\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c55\u5f00\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u793a\u4f8b\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6784\u9020 2-gram \u6a21\u578b\uff08\u4ea6\u79f0\u4e8c\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\u6a21\u578b\uff09\u3002\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684 2-gram \u96c6\u5408\u4e3a\uff1a{dog bites, bites man, man bites, bites dog, dog eats, eats  meat, man eats, eats food}\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u7684 n-gram \u888b\u8868\u793a\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u516b\u7ef4\u5411\u91cf\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u7684 2-gram \u888b\uff0cD1 \u8868\u793a\u4e3a [1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0]\uff0cD2 \u8868\u793a\u4e3a [0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0]\u3002\u5176\u4f59\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u9075\u5faa\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8bcd\u888b\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f n-gram \u888b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6 n=1\u3002 n=2 \u65f6\u53eb\u201c\u4e8c\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\u6a21\u578b\u201d\uff0cn=3 \u65f6\u53eb\u201c\u4e09\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\u6a21\u578b\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u5927 n \u7684\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f53\u73b0\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u7a00\u758f\u6027\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\uff0cn-gram \u888b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u53eb\u201cn-gram \u7279\u5f81\u9009\u62e9\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5c55\u793a\u4e86 n-gram \u888b\u8868\u793a\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u4ece\u4e00\u5143\u3001\u4e8c\u5143\u3001\u4e09\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u6765\u8868 \u793a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e ngram_range = (1,3) \u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u5143\u3001\u4e8c\u5143\u3001\u4e09\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\u5411\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u4f7f\u7528CountVectorizer\u548c\u4e00\u5143\u3001\u4e8c\u5143\u3001\u4e09\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\u6784\u5efan-gram\u5411\u91cf\u793a\u4f8b\ncount_vect = CountVectorizer(ngram_range=(1,3)) \n# \u4e3a\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u6784\u5efa\u8bcd\u888b\u8868\u793a\nbow_rep = count_vect.fit_transform(processed_docs) \n# \u6253\u5370\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u6620\u5c04\nprint(&quot;Our vocabulary: &quot;, count_vect.vocabulary_) \n# \u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u83b7\u53d6\u65b0\u6587\u672c\u7684\u8868\u793a\ntemp = count_vect.transform([&quot;dog and dog are friends&quot;]) \nprint(&quot;Bow representation for &#039;dog and dog are friends&#039;:&quot;, temp.toarray())<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f n-gram \u888b\u8868\u793a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5229\u5f0a\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>n-gram \u888b\u4ee5 n-gram \u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6355\u6349\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u548c\u8bed\u5e8f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f4\u80fd\u591f\u6355\u6349\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c n-gram \u7684\u6587\u6863\u8ddd\u79bb\u66f4\u8fdc\uff0c \u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c n-gram \u7684\u6587\u6863\u8ddd\u79bb\u66f4\u8fd1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u968f\u7740 n \u7684\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u7ef4\u6570\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u7a00\u758f\u6027\uff09\u5c06\u4f1a\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/li>\n<li>n-gram \u888b\u4ecd\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u51b3\u672a\u767b\u5f55\u8bcd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2.4TF-IDF<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bcd\u6c47\u90fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u540c\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bcd\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u8bcd\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>TF-IDF<\/strong>\uff0c\u5373<strong>\u8bcd\u9891 \u2013 \u9006\u6587\u6863\u9891\u7387<\/strong>\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002TF-IDF \u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u91cf\u5316\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8bcd\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6587\u6863\u548c\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u8bcd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>TF-IDF \u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u68c0\u7d22\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n<p>TF-IDF \u80cc\u540e\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bcd w \u5728\u6587\u6863 di \u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u6b21\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u6863 dj \u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8bcd w \u5bf9\u6587\u6863 di \u4e00\u5b9a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002w \u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0e w \u5728 di \u4e2d\u7684\u9891\u7387\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0cw \u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0e w \u5728\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u6863 dj \u4e2d\u7684\u9891\u7387\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\u3002\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f \u4f7f\u7528 TF \u548c IDF \u4e24\u4e2a\u91cf\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u3002\u5c06\u4e24\u8005\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u51fa TF-IDF \u5206\u503c\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>TF\uff08\u8bcd\u9891\uff09\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u662f\u8bcd\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9891\u7387\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u6863\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5728\u8f83\u957f\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9891\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u9ad8\u4e8e\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u6587\u6863\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba1\u6570\u7684\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\uff0c \u5c06\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u9664\u4ee5\u6587\u6863\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u8bcd t \u5728\u6587\u6863 d \u4e2d\u7684 TF \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20240117164601583.png\" alt=\"image-20240117164601583\" \/><\/p>\n<p>IDF\uff08\u9006\u6587\u6863\u9891\u7387\uff09\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u662f\u8bcd\u5728\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97 TF \u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8bcd\u90fd\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff08\u6743\u91cd\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\uff0cis\u3001are\u3001am \u7b49\u505c\u7528\u8bcd\u5e76\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec \u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0cIDF \u5bf9\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8bcd\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u8bcd \u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u6743\u91cd\u3002\u8bcd t \u7684 IDF \u8ba1\u7b97\u5982\u4e0b:<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20240117164641807.png\" alt=\"image-20240117164641807\" \/><\/p>\n<p>TF-IDF \u5206\u503c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u9879\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cTF-IDF=TF \u00d7 IDF\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u7b80\u6613\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u7684 TFIDF \u5206\u503c\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u8bcd\u53ea\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5219\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a \u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u3002\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u662f N=4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684 TF-IDF \u503c\u5982\u8868 3-2 \u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u88683-2\uff1a\u7b80\u6613\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u7684TF-IDF\u503c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20240117164732822.png\" alt=\"image-20240117164732822\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6587\u6863\u7684 TF-IDF \u5411\u91cf\u8868\u793a\u5219\u662f\u8be5\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684 TF-IDF \u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e D1\uff0c\u5f97\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>dog<\/th>\n<th>bites<\/th>\n<th>man<\/th>\n<th>eats<\/th>\n<th>meat<\/th>\n<th>food<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>0.136<\/td>\n<td>0.17<\/td>\n<td>0.136<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 TF-IDF \u6765\u8868\u793a\u6587\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer \ntfidf = TfidfVectorizer() \nbow_rep_tfidf = tfidf.fit_transform(processed_docs) \nprint(tfidf.idf_) # \u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8bcd\u7684IDF \nprint(tfidf.get_feature_names()) # \u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8bcd\ntemp = tfidf.transform([&quot;dog and man are friends&quot;]) \nprint(&quot;Tfidf representation for &#039;dog and man are friends&#039;:\\n&quot;, temp.toarray())<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 TF-IDF \u516c\u5f0f\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u57fa\u672c\u516c\u5f0f\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8868 3-2 \u4e2d\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684 TFIDF \u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e scikit-learn \u7ed9\u51fa\u7684 TF-IDF \u503c\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a scikit-learn \u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u7a0d\u5fae\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 IDF \u516c\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8981\u8003\u8651\u9664\u6570\u4e3a\u96f6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u5ffd\u7565\u90a3\u4e9b\u6240\u6709\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u90fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8bcd\u3002\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b TF-IDF vectorizer \u6587\u6863\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u786e\u5207\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\u548c\u8bcd\u888b\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0cTF-IDF \u5411\u91cf\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u6b27\u6c0f\u8ddd\u79bb\u6216\u4f59\u5f26\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u7b49\u3002TF-IDF \u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u68c0\u7d22\u548c\u6587\u672c\u5206\u7c7b\u7b49\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1 TFIDF \u5728\u6355\u6349\u8bcd\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u4f18\u4e8e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u7ef4\u6570\u707e\u96be\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4eca\u5929\uff0cTF-IDF \u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f \u5728\u6784\u5efa\u521d\u6b65\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u56de\u987e\u524d\u9762\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7f3a\u9677\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u79bb\u6563\u7684\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u8bed\u8a00\u5355\u4f4d\uff08\u8bcd\u3001n-gram \u7b49\uff09\u89c6\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u79bb\u6563\u6027\u59a8\u788d\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u6355\u6349\u8bcd\u4e0e\u8bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u91cf\u662f\u7a00\u758f\u7684\u9ad8\u7ef4\u8868\u793a\u3002\u7ef4\u6570\u968f\u7740\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u7684\u589e\u5927\u800c\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u5411\u91cf\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u503c\u662f\u96f6\u3002 \u8fd9\u4f1a\u59a8\u788d\u5b66\u4e60\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9ad8\u7ef4\u8868\u793a\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b83\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u672a\u767b\u5f55\u8bcd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u597d\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba8\u8bba\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>3.\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8868\u793a<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u5411\u91cf\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u514b\u670d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u5b66\u4e60\u4f4e\u7ef4\u8868\u793a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u672c\u8282\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u516d\u4e03\u5e74\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u7a81\u98de\u731b\u8fdb\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u7a20\u5bc6\u3001\u4f4e\u7ef4\u7684\u8bcd\u548c\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u4e86\u89e3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5173\u952e\u672f\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5206\u5e03\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u5e03\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u662f\uff0c<strong>\u8bcd\u7684\u610f\u601d\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u6240\u5728\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u6765\u7406\u89e3<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u53eb\u5185\u6db5 \uff08connotation\uff09\uff1a\u8bcd\u4e49\u7531\u8bed\u5883\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5916\u5ef6\uff08denotation\uff09\u76f8\u53cd\uff1a\u8bcd\u4e49\u7531\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201cNLP rocks\u201d\u3002\u201crocks\u201d\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u77f3\u5934\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u8bed\u5883\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6b64\u53e5\u4e2d\u201crocks\u201d \u662f\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u5f62\u5bb9\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u7269\u975e\u5e38\u68d2\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5206\u5e03\u5047\u8bf4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u5047\u8bf4\uff08distributional hypothesis\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a<strong>\u8bed\u5883\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u5176\u8bed\u4e49\u4e5f\u76f8\u4f3c<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u5355\u8bcd\u201cdog\u201d\u548c\u201ccat\u201d\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u5047\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u4e00\u5b9a\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5411\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f4\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8bcd\u4e49\u7531\u5411\u91cf\u8868\u793a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u8868\u793a\u4e5f\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u5f7c\u6b64\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5206\u5e03\u8868\u793a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u5e03\u8868\u793a\uff08distributional representation\uff09\u662f\u6307<strong>\u6839\u636e\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u8bcd\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u3002 \u5206\u5e03\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u5e03\u5047\u8bf4\u3002\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u662f\u4ece\u8bed\u5883\uff08\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff09\u4e2d\u5f52\u7eb3\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5728 \u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u7ef4\u5411\u91cf\u6765\u8868\u793a\u8bcd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5411\u91cf\u662f\u4ece\u8bcd\u548c\u8bed\u5883\u7684\u5171\u73b0\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\uff0c\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u7ef4\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u8bcd\u6c47\u91cf\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u524d\u9762\u770b\u5230\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u72ec\u70ed\u3001\u8bcd\u888b\u3001 n-gram \u888b\u548c TF-IDF\u2014\u2014\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5206\u5e03\u8868\u793a\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8868\u793a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\uff08distributed representation\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u5e03\u5047\u8bf4\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5982\u524d\u4e00\u6bb5\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u8868\u793a\u4e2d\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u7ef4\u548c\u7a00\u758f\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u4eec\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\uff0c\u59a8\u788d\u4e86\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c<strong>\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u663e\u8457\u5730\u538b\u7f29\u4e86\u7ef4\u6570<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u7d27\u51d1\uff08\u5373\u4f4e\u7ef4\uff09 \u548c\u7a20\u5bc6\uff08\u5373\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u96f6\uff09\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f4\u79f0\u4e3a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u540e\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6240\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5d4c\u5165<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5d4c\u5165\uff08embedding\uff09\u662f\u5c06\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u4ece<strong>\u5206\u5e03\u8868\u793a<\/strong>\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f4\u6620\u5c04\u5230<strong>\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8868\u793a<\/strong>\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u964d\u7ef4\uff1f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5411\u91cf\u8bed\u4e49\u5b66<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5411\u91cf\u8bed\u4e49\u5b66\uff08vector semantics\uff09\u662f\u6307\u6839\u636e\u8bcd\u5728\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u6027\u8d28\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u8bcd\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u8868\u793a\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5728\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672f\u8bed\u6709\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba8\u8bba\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3.1\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165<\/h3>\n<p>\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\u5e94\u8be5\u6355\u6349\u201c<strong>\u8bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027<\/strong>\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\uff1f\u8003\u8651\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u8bcd\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u5982\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u7b49\uff09\u6216\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u7f8e\u4e3d\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e0e\u8be5\u8bcd\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8bcd\uff08\u5982\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u3001\u53cd\u4e49\u8bcd\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5206\u5e03\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684 \u8bcd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u5206\u5e03\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u201d\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8bcd\u8868\u793a\u6a21\u578b \u201cWord2vec\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u6349\u5230\u8bcd\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u56fd\u738b \u2013 \u7537\u4eba + \u5973\u4eba \u2248 \u5973\u738b<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u56de\u7b54\u5f88\u591a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56fe 3-5 \u663e\u793a\u4e86\u67d0\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e Word2vec \u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\u56de\u7b54\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5feb\u7167\u3002Word2vec \u6a21\u578b\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u7684\u9f3b\u7956\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20240117170755641.png\" alt=\"image-20240117170755641\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe 3-5\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e Word2vec \u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\u56de\u7b54\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u5b66\u4e60\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u5173\u7cfb\uff0cWord2vec \u8fd8\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u7684\u8bcd\u8868\u793a\u662f\u4f4e\u7ef4\u7684\uff08\u5411\u91cf\u7ef4\u6570\u4e3a 50~500\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u51e0\u5343\uff09\u548c\u7a20\u5bc6\u7684\uff08\u5411\u91cf\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u503c\u4e3a\u975e\u96f6\uff09\u3002\u4f4e\u7ef4\u548c\u7a20\u5bc6\u7684\u8bcd\u8868\u793a\u4f7f\u673a\u5668 \u5b66\u4e60\u4efb\u52a1\u66f4\u52a0\u6613\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\uff0cWord2vec \u4ea7\u751f \u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6210\u679c\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u6210\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u793a\u4e5f\u53eb\u201c\u5d4c\u5165\u201d\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5d4c\u5165\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u5d4c\u5165\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6587\u672c\uff1f\u4e0b\u9762\u5148\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u76f4\u89c2\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6587\u672c\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\uff0cWord2vec \u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5d4c\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u80fd\u6700\u597d\u5730\u6355\u6349\u8bcd\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u201c\u63a8\u5bfc\u201d\u8bcd\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0cWord2vec \u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u5e03\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u5047\u8bf4\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c<strong>Word2vec \u4ece\u8bcd\u7684\u8bed\u5883\uff08\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u8bcd\uff09\u4e2d\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u8bcd\u7684\u610f\u4e49<\/strong>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bcd\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u662f\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Word2vec \u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u5c06\u8bcd\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6295\u5c04\u5230\u5411\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u8bed\u4e49\u7684\u8bcd\u4f1a\u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00 \u8d77\uff0c\u800c\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u4e49\u7684\u8bcd\u5219\u4f1a\u8ddd\u79bb\u8f83\u8fdc\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0cWord2vec \u4ee5\u5927\u578b\u6587\u672c\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u57fa\u4e8e\u8bcd\u5728\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8bed\u5883\uff0c \u201c\u5b66\u4e60\u201d\u5728\u516c\u5171\u5411\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u8bcd\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8bcd w \u548c\u8bed\u5883 C \u4e2d\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u627e\u5230\u6700\u80fd\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u8bcd\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u5411\u91cf\uff1f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd w\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u7528\u968f\u673a\u503c\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5411\u91cf <strong><em>v<\/em><\/strong>w\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0cWord2vec \u6a21 \u578b\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8bed\u5883 C \u4e2d\u7684\u8bcd\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u6765\u9884\u6d4b <strong><em>v<\/em><\/strong>w\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6539\u5584 <strong><em>v<\/em><\/strong>w \u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Word2vec \u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u5c42\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u8ba8\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u8bad\u7ec3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u6765\u770b\u770b\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u5d4c\u5165\uff0c\u501f\u6b64\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3.1.1 \u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165<\/h4>\n<p>\u8bad\u7ec3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u9700\u8981\u8017\u8d39\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u5e86\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8bad\u7ec3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u5c31\u591f\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\uff1f\u6709\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u3001\u65b0\u95fb\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6574\u4e2a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff09\u8bad\u7ec3\u597d\u4e86\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u8bcd\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u653e\u5728\u4e86\u7f51\u4e0a\u3002\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u4e0b\u8f7d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5d4c\u5165\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u83b7\u5f97\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u3002\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u952e \u2013 \u503c\u5bf9\u7684\u5927\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u952e\u662f\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u503c\u662f\u5bf9 \u5e94\u7684\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u3002\u8c37\u6b4c\u7684 Word2vec\u3001\u65af\u5766\u798f\u7684 GloVe \u548c Facebook \u7684 fastText \u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u79cd\u7ef4\u6570\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5982 d = 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, 600\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0a\u4e0e\u201cbeautiful\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u6700\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u8fd4\u56de\u5355\u8bcd\u201cbeautiful\u201d\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5411\u91cf\u3002 <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">from gensim.models import Word2Vec, KeyedVectors \npretrainedpath = &quot;NLPBookTut\/GoogleNews-vectors-negative300.bin&quot; \nw2v_model = KeyedVectors.load_word2vec_format(pretrainedpath, binary=True) \nprint(&#039;done loading Word2Vec&#039;) \nprint(len(w2v_model.vocab)) # \u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u4e2d\u8bcd\u7684\u6570\u91cf\nprint(w2v_model.most_similar[&#039;beautiful&#039;]) \nW2v_model[&#039;beautiful&#039;]<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>most_similar('beautiful') \u8fd4\u56de\u4e0e\u201cbeautiful\u201d\u6700\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd\u90fd\u9644 \u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u5206\u503c\uff0c\u5206\u503c\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u8bcd\u4e0e\u67e5\u8be2\u8bcd\u8d8a\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">[(&#039;gorgeous&#039;, 0.8353004455566406), \n (&#039;lovely&#039;, 0.810693621635437), \n (&#039;stunningly_beautiful&#039;, 0.7329413890838623), \n (&#039;breathtakingly_beautiful&#039;, 0.7231341004371643), \n (&#039;wonderful&#039;, 0.6854087114334106), \n (&#039;fabulous&#039;, 0.6700063943862915), \n (&#039;loveliest&#039;, 0.6612576246261597), \n (&#039;prettiest&#039;, 0.6595001816749573), \n (&#039;beatiful&#039;, 0.6593326330184937), \n (&#039;magnificent&#039;, 0.6591402292251587)]<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>w2v_model \u8fd4\u56de\u67e5\u8be2\u8bcd\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201cbeautiful\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u5982\u56fe 3-6 \u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20240117172438612.png\" alt=\"image-20240117172438612\" style=\"zoom:150%;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe 3-6\uff1a\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3 Word2vec \u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u201cbeautiful\u201d\u7684\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u8bcd\u5728 Word2vec \u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201cpracticalnlp\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u51fa\u73b0\u201ckey not  found\u201d\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u68c0\u7d22\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u8be5\u8bcd \u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u7247\u6bb5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 Python \u5e93 gensim \u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u52a0\u8f7d GloVe \u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u4f7f\u7528\u9884\u5148\u8bad\u7ec3\u597d\u7684\u8bcd\u5d4c \u5165\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u8003\u8651\u6784\u5efa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u9884\u5148\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u53ef \u4ee5\u5f88\u5feb\u4e3a\u624b\u5934\u4efb\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u57fa\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u6765\u770b\u5982\u4f55\u8bad\u7ec3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3.1.2\u8bad\u7ec3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5d4c\u5165<\/h4>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u7740\u91cd\u8ba8\u8bba\u8bad\u7ec3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5148\u770b\u770b Word2vec \u6700\u521d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u4f53\u3002 \u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fde\u7eed\u8bcd\u888b\uff08CBOW\uff09\u6a21\u578b\uff1b <\/li>\n<li>\u8df3\u8bcd\uff08SkipGram\uff09\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e24\u8005\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5206\u522b\u4ecb\u7ecd CBOW \u6a21\u578b\u548c SkipGram \u6a21\u578b\u3002\u672c\u8282\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u201cThe  quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog\u201d\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b80\u6613\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>CBOW \u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>CBOW \u7684\u9996\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u5468\u56f4\u8bed\u5883\u8bcd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u9884\u6d4b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bcd\u3002<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff1f\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7edf\u8ba1\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u8bd5\u56fe\u7ed9\u51fa\u8bcd\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u542b\u6709 n \u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u8bd5\u56fe\u7ed9\u51fa\u6574\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u6982\u7387 Pr(w1 , w2 , \u2026, wn )\u3002 \u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u7ed9\u201c\u597d\u53e5\u5b50\u201d\u5206\u914d\u9ad8\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u7ed9\u201c\u574f\u53e5\u5b50\u201d\u5206\u914d\u4f4e\u6982\u7387\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u597d\u53e5\u5b50\u201d\uff0c \u6307\u7684\u662f\u8bed\u4e49\u548c\u53e5\u6cd5\u90fd\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u574f\u53e5\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8bed\u4e49\u6216\u53e5\u6cd5\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u50cf\u201cThe cat jumped over the dog\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e 1.0 \u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u50cf\u201cjumped over the the cat dog\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5206\u914d\u4e00 \u4e2a\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e 0.0 \u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p>CBOW \u8bd5\u56fe\u5b66\u4e60\u4e00\u79cd\u6839\u636e\u8bed\u5883\u8bcd\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u201c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bcd\u201d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u6613\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u6765\u7406 \u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u201cjumps\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bcd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u5c31\u7531\u5b83\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u8bcd\u6784\u6210\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bed\u5883\u5927\u5c0fk\u53d6 2\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u5c31\u662f brown\u3001fox\u3001over \u548c the\u3002CBOW \u4f7f\u7528\u8bed\u5883\u8bcd\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u76ee\u6807\u8bcd jumps\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 3-7 \u6240\u793a\u3002CBOW \u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd\u90fd\u505a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0cCBOW \u628a\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u90fd\u5f53\u4f5c\u76ee\u6807\u8bcd\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u6839\u636e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u8bcd\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u76ee\u6807\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20240117172700965.png\" alt=\"image-20240117172700965\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe 3-7\uff1aCBOW\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8bed\u5883\u8bcd\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bcd<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u601d\u60f3\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\uff0c\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u8bad\u7ec3\u96c6\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u6587\u672c\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u5927\u5c0f \u4e3a 2k+1 \u7684\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u3002\u5728\u521a\u624d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0ck\u53d6\u503c\u4e3a 2\u3002\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u8003 \u8651\u7684 2k+1 \u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bcd\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bcd\u4e24\u4fa7\u7684 2k \u4e2a\u8bcd\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u8bed\u5883\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u8868\u793a\u4e3a (X, Y)\uff0c\u5219\u8bed\u5883\u4e3a X\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u8bcd\u4e3a Y\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u7531\u4e00\u7ec4 \u6570\u5b57\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a(2k \u4e2a\u8bed\u5883\u8bcd\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 , 1 \u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u8bcd\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 )\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u70b9\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u8bed \u6599\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u91cd\u590d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e0a\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u51fa\u8bad\u7ec3\u96c6\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 3-8 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u76ee\u6807\u8bcd\u7528\u84dd\u8272\u8868\u793a\uff0ck=2\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20240117172732768.png\" alt=\"image-20240117172732768\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe 3-8\uff1a\u4e3a CBOW \u51c6\u5907\u6570\u636e\u96c6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u7ecf\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d45\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u6d45 \u5c42\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u85cf\u5c42\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 3-9 \u6240\u793a\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u662f D \u7ef4\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u3002\u4ee4 V \u4e3a\u6587\u672c \u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20240117172758031.png\" alt=\"image-20240117172758031\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe 3-9\uff1aCBOW \u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u5d4c\u5165\u77e9\u9635<img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20240117172823120.png\" alt=\"image-20240117172823120\" \/>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d |V| \u662f\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0cd \u662f\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u7ef4\u6570\u3002 \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5d4c\u5165\u77e9\u9635\u968f\u673a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u56fe 3-9 \u4e2d\u6240\u793a\u7684\u6d45\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u5c42\u4e2d\uff0c \u4f7f\u7528\u8bed\u5883\u8bcd\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4ece\u5d4c\u5165\u77e9\u9635<img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20240117172903665.png\" alt=\"image-20240117172903665\" \/>\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u76f8\u52a0\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a d \u7ef4\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c42\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c42\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06 d \u7ef4\u5411\u91cf\u4e0e\u77e9\u9635<img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20240117172918719-1705483790529-77.png\" alt=\"image-20240117172918719\" \/>\u76f8\u4e58\uff0c\u5f97\u5230 1\u00d7 |V|\u7684\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u9001\u5165 softmax \u51fd\u6570\u540e\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u5b83\u5728\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8be5\u5206\u5e03\u4e0e\u6807\u7b7e\u8fdb \u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u6765\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u66f4\u65b0\u77e9\u9635 E \u548c E'\u3002\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0cE \u5c31\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u77e9\u9635\uff08\u4ece\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0cE \u548c E' \u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u77e9\u9635\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6c42\u5e73\u5747\uff0c\u5c06\u4e24 \u8005\u5408\u4e8c\u4e3a\u4e00)\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>SkipGram \u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\u3002SkipGram \u4e0e CBOW \u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ec6\u5fae\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5728 SkipGram \u4e2d\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u6839\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bcd\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u8bed\u5883\u8bcd\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521a\u624d\u7684\u7b80\u6613\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bed\u5883\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a 2\uff0c \u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bcd\u201cjumps\u201d\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u5404\u4e2a\u8bed\u5883\u8bcd\u2014\u2014\u201cbrown\u201d\u201cfox\u201d\u201cover\u201d\u201cthe\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 3-10 \u6240\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u6784\u6210\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002SkipGram \u4f1a\u4ee5\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bcd\u91cd\u590d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20240117173039967.png\" alt=\"image-20240117173039967\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe 3-10\uff1aSkipGram\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bcd\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u5404\u4e2a\u8bed\u5883\u8bcd<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8bad\u7ec3 SkipGram \u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u6309\u5982\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u51c6\u5907\uff1a\u5728\u6587\u672c\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a 2k+1 \u7684\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c \u83b7\u5f97\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u8003\u8651\u7684 2k+1 \u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bcd\u662f X\uff0c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bcd\u4e24\u8fb9\u7684 2k \u4e2a\u8bcd\u662f Y\u3002 \u4e0e CBOW \u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 2k \u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u7531\u4e00\u5bf9\u6570\u5b57\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a( \u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bcd\u7d22\u5f15 ,  \u76ee\u6807\u8bcd\u7d22\u5f15 )\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u8bed \u6599\u5e93\u4e0a\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u51fa\u8bad\u7ec3\u96c6\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 3-11 \u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20240117173102465.png\" alt=\"image-20240117173102465\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe 3-11\uff1a\u4e3a SkipGram \u51c6\u5907\u6570\u636e\u96c6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u56fe 3-12 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8bad\u7ec3 SkipGram \u6a21\u578b\u6240\u7528\u7684\u6d45\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4e0e CBOW \u6240\u7528\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c \u53ea\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ec6\u5fae\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u5c42\u4e2d\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u76ee\u6807\u8bcd\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4ece\u5d4c\u5165\u77e9\u9635 E|V| \u00d7 d \u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94 \u7684\u884c\u3002\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u968f\u540e\u88ab\u4f20\u5165\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c42\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c42\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06 d \u7ef4\u5411\u91cf\u4e0e\u77e9\u9635 E'd \u00d7 |V| \u76f8\u4e58\uff0c\u5f97\u5230 1\u00d7|V| \u7684\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u8f93\u5165 softmax \u51fd\u6570\u540e\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u5b83\u5728\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u5c06\u8be5\u5206\u5e03\u4e0e\u6807 \u7b7e\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u6765\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u66f4\u65b0\u77e9\u9635 E \u548c E'\u3002\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0cE \u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8981\u5b66\u4e60 \u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u77e9\u9635\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20240117173211073.png\" alt=\"image-20240117173211073\" style=\"zoom:150%;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe 3-12\uff1aSkipGram \u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>CBOW \u548c SkipGram \u6a21\u578b\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003 Xin Rong \u7684\u6587\u7ae0 \u201cword2vec Parameter Learning Explained\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u5bf9 Word2vec \u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a8\u5bfc\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700 \u8981\u7262\u8bb0\u7684\u8981\u70b9\u662f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8d85\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u5411\u91cf\u7ef4\u6570\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u7387\u3001\u8f6e\u6570\uff08epoch\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u4f17 \u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u8d85\u53c2\u6570\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u8d28\u91cf\u8d77\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u8981\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 CBOW \u548c SkipGram \u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u62bd\u8c61\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u7ec6 \u8282\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5e93\u662f gensim\u3002 \u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u8d85\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u5373\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e4b\u524d\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe \u7f6e\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6765\u770b\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u7ef4\u6570<\/p>\n<p>\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u7ef4\u6570\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5d4c\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7ef4\u6570\u3002\u867d\u7136\u7ef4\u6570\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u6784\u9020\u7ef4\u6570\u5728 50 \u548c 500 \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f73\u7ef4\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8bed\u5883\u7a97\u53e3<\/p>\n<p>\u5b66\u4e60\u5411\u91cf\u8868\u793a\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u9762\u4e34\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 CBOW \u8fd8\u662f SkipGram\u3002\u5728 \u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u827a\u672f\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u6b63\u786e\u8d85\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u4ecd\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 gensim \u7b49\u5305\u53ef\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0 Word2vec\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528gensim \u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684 common_texts \u7b80\u6613\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u6765\u8bad\u7ec3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 Word2vec \u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\uff0c\u6cbf\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7247\u6bb5\u4e5f\u80fd\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u5f97\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u5bfc\u5165gensim\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u6765\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\nfrom gensim.test.utils import common_texts \n# \u9009\u62e9\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u6784\u5efa\u6a21\u578b\nour_model = Word2Vec(common_texts, size=10, window=5, min_count=1, workers=4) \n# \u4fdd\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\nour_model.save(&quot;tempmodel.w2v&quot;) \n# \u68c0\u67e5\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u627e\u51fa\u4e0e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8bcd\u6700\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u8bcd\nprint(our_model.wv.most_similar(&#039;computer&#039;, topn=5)) \n# \u770b\u770bcomputer\u768410\u7ef4\u5411\u91cf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u5b50\u7684\nprint(our_model[&#039;computer&#039;])<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u8bcd\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u8be5\u8bcd\u5b58\u5728 \u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ed\u8bed\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u201cword embeddings\u201d\uff09\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<h3>3.2\u8bcd\u8bed\u4e4b\u4e0a<\/h3>\n<p>\u524d\u9762\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bad\u7ec3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u6700\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u662f\u7d27\u51d1\u548c\u7a20\u5bc6\u7684\u8bcd\u8868\u793a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5904\u7406\u8bcd\u8fd9\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5904\u7406\u7684\u662f\u53e5\u5b50\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5168\u6587\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8868\u793a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5355\u5143\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u80fd\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u5927\u6587\u672c\u5355\u5143\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u8868\u793a\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u6587\u672c\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u8bcd\uff0c\u53d6\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u7ec4\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u5f62\u6210\u6587\u672c\u7684\u8868 \u793a\u3002\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u662f\u6c42\u548c\u3001\u53d6\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u7b49\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u6355\u6349\u8bcd\u5e8f\u7b49\u6587\u672c\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u6548\u679c\u975e\u5e38\u597d\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c 4 \u7ae0\uff09\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e \u4e0a\uff0c\u5728 CBOW \u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u8bed\u5883\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u6c42\u548c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u8868\u793a\u6574\u4e2a\u8bed\u5883\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bcd\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u5176\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u5148\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 spaCy \u5e93 \u6765\u5bf9\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u6c42\u5e73\u5747\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u6587\u672c\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">import spacy \nimport en_core_web_sm\n# \u52a0\u8f7dspaCy\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u51e0\u79d2\u949f\nnlp = en_core_web_sm.load() \n# \u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u578b\u5904\u7406\u53e5\u5b50\ndoc = nlp(&quot;Canada is a large country&quot;) \n# \u83b7\u53d6\u5355\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u5411\u91cf\n#print(doc[0].vector) # \u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcdCanada\u7684\u5411\u91cf\nprint(doc.vector) # \u6574\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5411\u91cf<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u81ea\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u90fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u751f\u4ea7 \u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u6c47\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f7f\u7528 Word2vec \u7b49\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u4ece\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5904\u7406\u672a\u767b\u5f55\u8bcd\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\u793a\u4e2d\uff0c\u672a\u767b\u5f55\u8bcd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u7279\u5f81\u63d0\u53d6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6392\u9664\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672a\u767b\u5f55\u8bcd\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u62c5\u5fc3\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u5f97\u672a\u767b\u5f55\u8bcd\u7684\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u7528\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u592a\u591a\u7684\u672a\u767b\u5f55 \u8bcd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u751f\u4ea7\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u672a\u767b\u5f55\u8bcd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bcd\u6c47\u91cd \u53e0\u5ea6\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u6a21\u578b\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u548c\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u91cd\u53e0\u5ea6\u4f4e\u4e8e 80%\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6027\u80fd \u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u91cd\u53e0\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7 80%\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u6548\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u5dee\uff0c\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e9b\u8bcd\u5904\u4e8e\u8fd9 20% \u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4e2d\u3002\u5982 \u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u52a1\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6a21\u578b\u6548\u679c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u8f83\u5dee\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u764c\u75c7\u533b\u7597\u6587\u6863\u548c\u5fc3\u810f\u75c5\u533b \u7597\u6587\u6863\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc3\u810f\u75c5\u3001\u764c\u75c7\u7b49\u8bcd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u533a\u5206\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6587\u6863\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u6ca1\u6709 \u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u5206\u7c7b\u5668\u6548\u679c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u8f83\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5904\u7406\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u672a\u767b\u5f55\u8bcd\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u968f\u673a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u91cf\u5728 \u20130.25 \u548c +0.25 \u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u4e00\u76f4\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5411\u91cf\u3002\u6839\u636e\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6027\u80fd \u63d0\u9ad8 1%~2%\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u65f6\u5f15\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u5b50\u8bcd\u7b49\u8bed\u8a00\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u672a\u767b\u5f55\u8bcd\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6765\u770b\u5176\u4e2d\u7684 \u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5176\u5173\u952e\u601d\u60f3\u662f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8bcd\u6cd5\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u5982\u524d\u7f00\u3001\u540e\u7f00\u3001\u8bcd\u5c3e\uff09\u7b49\u5b50\u8bcd\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57 \u7b26\u8868\u793a\u6765\u5904\u7406\u672a\u767b\u5f55\u8bcd\u95ee\u9898\u3002Facebook \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684 fastText \u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5e38 \u89c1\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u5b57\u7b26 n-gram \u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002fastText \u91c7\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e Word2vec \u7684\u7ed3 \u6784\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5b66\u4e60\u8bcd\u548c\u5b57\u7b26 n-gram \u7684\u5d4c\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u5411\u91cf\u89c6\u4e3a\u5176\u5b57\u7b26 n-gram \u7684\u805a\u5408\u3002\u5982\u6b64 \u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u5d4c\u5165\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201cgregarious\u201d\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u8bcd \u6c47\u8868\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8be5\u8bcd\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u5b57\u7b26 n-gram\u2014\u2014gre, reg, ega, ..., ous\u2014\u2014\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26 n-gram \u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u201cgregarious\u201d\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n<p>gensim \u7684 fastText \u5305\u88c5\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u52a0\u8f7d\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 fastText \u4ee5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e Word2vec \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u7559\u7ed9\u8bfb\u8005\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ec3\u4e60\u3002\u7b2c 4 \u7ae0\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 fastText \u5d4c\u5165\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u672c\u5206 \u7c7b\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6765\u770b\u8bcd\u8bed\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>4.\u8bcd\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8868\u793a<\/h2>\n<p>\u524d\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u5d4c\u5165\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002Word2vec \u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u662f\u8bcd\u7684\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8bcd\u8868\u793a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u805a\u5408\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\u3002fastText \u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u662f\u5b57\u7b26 n-gram \u7684\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26 n-gram \u8868\u793a\u7ecf\u8fc7 \u805a\u5408\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u8bcd\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f5c\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8bcd\u7684\u8bed \u5883\u3002\u4ee5\u201c\u72d7\u54ac\u4eba\u201d\uff08dog bites man\uff09\u548c\u201c\u4eba\u54ac\u72d7\u201d\uff08man bites dog\uff09\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0 \u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u663e\u7136\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6765\u770b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5 Doc2vec\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u8651\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u8bcd\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u6765\u76f4\u63a5\u5b66\u4e60\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u6587\u672c\uff08\u77ed\u8bed\u3001\u53e5\u5b50\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u548c\u6587 \u6863\uff09\u7684\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Doc2vec \u57fa\u4e8e\u6bb5\u843d\u5411\u91cf\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5728 gensim \u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002Doc2vec \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u548c Word2vec \u7c7b \u4f3c\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0cDoc2vec \u4e0d\u4ec5\u5b66\u4e60\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u201c\u6bb5\u843d\u5411\u91cf\u201d\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\uff08\u5373\u901a\u8fc7 \u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u8bcd\uff09\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\uff08\u62e5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6587\u672c\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u4e60\u65f6\uff0c\u6bb5\u843d\u5411\u91cf\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u672c \uff08\u201c\u6587\u672c\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff09\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u5728\u6240\u6709\u6587\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u3002\u5b66\u4e60 Doc2vec \u5d4c\u5165\u6240\u7528\u7684\u6d45\u5c42\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u89c1\u56fe 3-13\uff09\u4e0e Word2vec \u7684 CBOW \u548c SkipGram \u7ed3\u6784\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u522b\u53eb\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\uff08DM\uff09\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8bcd\u888b\uff08DBOW)\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 3-13 \u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20240118232104060.png\" alt=\"image-20240118232104060\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe 3-13\uff1aDoc2vec \u7ed3\u6784\uff1aDM\uff08\u5de6\uff09\u548c DBOW\uff08\u53f3\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Doc2vec \u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u597d\u540e\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u8bad\u7ec3\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u6765\u63a8\u65ad\u65b0\u6587\u672c\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u5411\u91cf\u3002Doc2vec \u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u5168\u6587\u5d4c\u5165\u8868\u793a\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7531\u4e8e Doc2vec \u5bf9 \u8bed\u5883\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u5c06\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u6587\u672c\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a\u56fa\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4f4e\u7ef4\u7a20\u5bc6\u5411\u91cf\uff0c \u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u5728\u6587\u672c\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u6587\u6863\u6807\u8bb0\u3001\u6587\u672c\u63a8\u8350\u548c\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u804a\u5929\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u7b49\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f \u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u7b2c 4 \u7ae0\u5c06\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u8bad\u7ec3 Doc2vec \u8868\u793a\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u672c\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u7ee7\u7eed\u8ba8\u8bba\u6d89\u53ca\u5168\u6587\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>5.\u901a\u7528\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u524d\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\u793a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u8868\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff1f\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b \u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f1a\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8bcd\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201cI went to a bank to withdraw  money\u201d\u548c\u201cI sat by the river bank and pondered about text representations\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u90fd\u4f7f \u7528\u4e86\u201cbank\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u524d\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5d4c\u5165\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u6355\u6349\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2018 \u5e74\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86<strong>\u8bed\u5883\u5316\u8bcd\u8868\u793a\uff08contextual word representation\uff09<\/strong>\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8bed\u5883\u5316\u8bcd\u8868\u793a\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u8bed\u8a00\u5efa\u6a21\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u9884\u6d4b\u8bcd\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5728\u6700\u65e9\u7684 \u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bed\u5883\u5316\u8bcd\u8868\u793a\u4f7f\u7528 n-gram \u9891\u7387\u6765\u4f30\u8ba1\u7ed9\u5b9a\u5386\u53f2\u8bcd\u540e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u51e0 \u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Transformer\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u524d\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u7684\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\uff0c \u4f46\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u591a\u6b21\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u548c\u4ece\u53f3\u5230\u5de6\u7684\u591a\u6b21\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u4ece \u800c\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\u4eba\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u5faa\u73af\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff08RNN\uff09\u548c Transformer \u7b49\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u5f00\u53d1\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 ELMo \u548c BERT\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u751f\u6210\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684 \u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5229\u7528\u201c\u8fc1\u79fb\u5b66\u4e60\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7b49\u901a\u7528\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u56de\u7b54\u3001\u8bed\u4e49\u89d2\u8272\u6807\u6ce8\u3001\u547d\u540d\u5b9e\u4f53\u8bc6 \u522b\u548c\u5171\u6307\u6d88\u89e3\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u3002\u7b2c 1 \u7ae0\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u7684 \u4e00\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\u524d\u9762\u4e09\u8282\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u8bad\u7ec3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u6765\u83b7\u5f97 \u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\u3002\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fd8\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8868 \u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8868\u793a\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u548c\u6d41\u884c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d \u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8868\u793a\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7262\u8bb0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u8981\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u56fa\u6709\u504f\u89c1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7528\u79d1\u6280\u65b0\u95fb\u6216\u6587\u7ae0 \u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u6a21\u578b\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201cApple\u201d\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u5fae\u8f6f\u6216 Facebook\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6a58\u5b50\u6216\u68a8\u3002\u867d \u7136\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u6765\u81ea\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8868\u793a\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904 \u7406\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u53ca\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u6240\u5b66\u5d4c\u5165\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u53d1 \u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u4efb\u4f55\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u504f\u89c1\u90fd\u662f \u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5927\u578b\u6587\u4ef6\uff08GB \u7ea7\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e00 \u5b9a\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u6027\u80fd\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u7a0b\u74f6\u9888\u3002 Word2vec \u6a21\u578b\u5927\u7ea6\u5360\u7528 4.5GB \u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 Redis \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c \u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u6269\u5c55\u548c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u5d4c\u5165\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u50cf \u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u4e00\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\u5d4c\u5165\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u771f\u5b9e\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u548c\u53e5\u5b50\u5d4c\u5165\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9 \u6cd5\u6765\u7f16\u7801\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u53e5\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5d4c\u5165\u8868\u793a\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5176 \u4ed6\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u9886\u57df\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8bbd\u523a\u8bed\u68c0\u6d4b\u4efb\u52a1\u9700\u8981\u7ec6\u817b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5d4c\u5165\u6280 \u672f\u76ee\u524d\u5c1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u6355\u6349\u3002 <\/li>\n<li>\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u6587\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5176\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u6b63\u5728 \u7a81\u98de\u731b\u8fdb\u3002\u867d\u7136\u65b0\u95fb\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba9\u4eba\u5fd8\u4e4e\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u5176\u7528\u4e8e \u751f\u4ea7\u7ea7\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8c28\u614e\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u5e76\u8003\u8651\u6295\u8d44\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u3001\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u9650\u5236\u7b49 \u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003 Noah A. Smith \u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u201cContextual Word Representations: A Contextual  Introduction\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u7b80\u8981\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u8bcd\u8868\u793a\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6311\u6218\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5f00 \u59cb\u8ba8\u8bba\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>6.\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5d4c\u5165<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5411\u91cf\u5316\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u6587\u672c\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u95ee\u7b54\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\u81ea\u7136 \u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u7279\u5f81\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u7d22\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u73af\u8282\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u63a2\u7d22 \u8fd9\u4e9b\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5411\u91cf\uff1f\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u63a2\u7d22\u3002\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5 \u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\uff1f\u867d\u7136\u5d4c\u5165\u5411\u91cf\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u4f4e\u7ef4\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709 100~300 \u7ef4\uff0c\u7ef4\u6570 \u8fd8\u662f\u592a\u9ad8\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>t-SNE\uff0c\u5168\u79f0 <strong>t \u5206\u5e03\u968f\u673a\u90bb\u57df\u5d4c\u5165<\/strong>\uff08t-distributed Stochastic Neighboring Embedding\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e00 \u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u9ad8\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5982\u5d4c\u5165\uff09\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6216\u4e09\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002t-SNE \u4ee5\u5d4c\u5165 \uff08\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\uff09\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6765\u6700\u597d\u5730\u8868\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u539f\u59cb\u9ad8\u7ef4 \u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u4f4e\u7ef4\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7ed8\u5236\u548c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316 \u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002t-SNE \u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u6765\u770b\u4f7f\u7528 t-SNE \u8fdb\u884c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5148\u6765\u770b MNIST \u6570\u5b57\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u53ef\u89c6 \u5316\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0cMNIST \u6570\u5b57\u56fe\u50cf\u901a\u8fc7\u5377\u79ef\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u91cf\u3002\u56fe 3-14 \u663e\u793a\u4e86 \u5411\u91cf\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7ed8\u56fe\u3002\u5b83\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u6548\u679c\u662f\u5f88\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20240118232511238.png\" alt=\"image-20240118232511238\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe 3-14\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 t-SNE \u53ef\u89c6\u5316 MNIST \u6570\u636e\uff08\u53c2\u89c1 Cyril Rossant \u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u201cAn illustrated introduction to the t-SNE algorithm\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u6765\u770b\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u3002\u867d\u7136\u56fe 3-15 \u4e2d\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u8bcd\u5f80 \u5f80\u4f1a\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20240118232553496.png\" alt=\"image-20240118232553496\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe 3-15\uff1a\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u7684 t-SNE \u53ef\u89c6\u5316\uff08\u5de6\uff1a\u6570\u5b57\uff1b\u53f3\uff1a\u804c\u52a1\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u518d\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u754c\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u56fe 3-16 \u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u8bcd \uff08\u7537\u4eba\u3001\u5973\u4eba\u3001\u53d4\u53d4\u3001\u963f\u59e8\u3001\u56fd\u738b\u3001\u7687\u540e\uff09\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u3002\u56fe 3-16 \u4e0d\u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u4e86 \u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5411\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u73b0\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u7bad\u5934\u6355\u6349\u4e86\u8bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002 \u4f7f\u7528 t-SNE \u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u8fd9\u7c7b\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20240118232610587.png\" alt=\"image-20240118232610587\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe 3-16\uff1at-SNE \u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>t-SNE \u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u6863\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u6bcf\u7bc7 \u6587\u7ae0\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u6863\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528 t-SNE \u7ed8\u5236\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5411\u91cf\u3002\u56fe 3-17 \u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u540c \u4e00\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4f1a\u5206\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20240118232635297.png\" alt=\"image-20240118232635297\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe 3-17\uff1a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u6587\u6863\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u663e\u7136\uff0ct-SNE \u5bf9\u4e8e\u89c2\u5bdf\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 TensorBoard \u4e2d\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u6295\u5f71\u4eea\u7b49 \u5de5\u5177\u6765\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u3002\u5982\u56fe 3-18 \u6240\u793a\uff0cTensorBoard \u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8 \u4e3a\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5d4c\u5165\u800c\u5b9a\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u628a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ec3\u4e60\u7559\u7ed9\u8bfb\u8005\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20240118232713439.png\" alt=\"image-20240118232713439\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56fe 3-18\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5d4c\u5165\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7684 TensorBoard \u754c\u9762\u622a\u56fe<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>7.\u4eba\u5de5\u7279\u5f81\u8868\u793a<\/h2>\n<p>\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u6587\u672c\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u8868\u793a\u5927\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a \u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\uff08\u9664\u975e\u5df2\u7ecf\u9488\u5bf9\u624b\u5934\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5fae\u8c03\uff09\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\u7528\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u63d0\u53d6\u8fd8\u662f\u6587\u672c\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u8bba\u4f7f\u7528 Twitter \u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u8fd8\u662f\u79d1\u6280\u6587\u7ae0\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u9886\u57df\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u5b58\u5728 \u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u878d\u5165\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4ee5\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u81ea\u7136 \u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf TextEvaluator \u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002TextEvaluator \u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u8003\u8bd5\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08ETS\uff09\u5f00\u53d1\u7684 \u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002\u8be5\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6559\u5e08\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u4e3a\u5b66\u751f\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u5e94\u5e74\u7ea7\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5e76\u627e\u5230 \u6587\u672c\u7406\u89e3\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u7528\u7684\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u591a\u5927\u5e2e \u52a9\u3002\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u6765\u5bf9\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5e74\u7ea7\u9002\u5f53\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u3002\u56fe 3-19 \u4e2d\u7684\u5c4f 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3-19\uff1aTextEvaluator \u8f6f\u4ef6\u8f93\u51fa\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u5de5\u7279\u5f81<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>ETS \u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u8bc4\u5206\u8f6f\u4ef6\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u4f5c\u6587\u8bc4\u5206\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b83\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30 GRE\u3001\u6258\u798f\u7b49\u5728\u7ebf\u8003 \u8bd5\u8003\u751f\u7684\u4f5c\u6587\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u5de5\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5bf9\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\u9700\u8981\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u7279 \u5f81\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f9d\u9760 n-gram \u6216\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5fae\u8f6f Word\u3001Grammarly \u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u62fc\u5199\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5\u7ea0\u6b63\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528 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