{"id":8927,"date":"2023-09-12T17:49:12","date_gmt":"2023-09-12T09:49:12","guid":{"rendered":"\/?p=8927"},"modified":"2023-09-12T17:49:12","modified_gmt":"2023-09-12T09:49:12","slug":"http-%e5%8d%8f%e8%ae%ae%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/?p=8927","title":{"rendered":"HTTP \u534f\u8bae\u5165\u95e8"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>HTTP \u534f\u8bae\u662f\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7f51\u9875\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5fc5\u5907\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c HTTP\/2 \u66f4\u662f\u8ba9\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u6280\u672f\u70ed\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd HTTP \u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u601d\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e00\u3001HTTP\/0.9<\/h3>\n<p>HTTP \u662f\u57fa\u4e8e TCP\/IP \u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff08packet\uff09\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u752880\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u65e9\u7248\u672c\u662f1991\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u76840.9\u7248\u3002\u8be5\u7248\u672c\u6781\u5176\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4GET\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">GET \/index.html<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u547d\u4ee4\u8868\u793a\uff0cTCP \u8fde\u63a5\uff08connection\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42\uff08request\uff09\u7f51\u9875index.html\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u534f\u8bae\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ea\u80fd\u56de\u5e94HTML\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u56de\u5e94\u522b\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-undefined\">Hello World<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u5b8c\u6bd5\uff0c\u5c31\u5173\u95edTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e8c\u3001HTTP\/1.0<\/h3>\n<p><strong>2.1 \u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong><br \/>\n1996\u5e745\u6708\uff0cHTTP\/1.0 \u7248\u672c\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u8f93\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u4f20\u8f93\u56fe\u50cf\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u3001\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u5927\u53d1\u5c55\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u9664\u4e86GET\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f15\u5165\u4e86POST\u547d\u4ee4\u548cHEAD\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e30\u5bcc\u4e86\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u518d\u6b21\uff0cHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u56de\u5e94\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4e5f\u53d8\u4e86\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u901a\u4fe1\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u62ec\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\uff08HTTP header\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e9b\u5143\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u65b0\u589e\u529f\u80fd\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff08status code\uff09\u3001\u591a\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u652f\u6301\u3001\u591a\u90e8\u5206\u53d1\u9001\uff08multi-part type\uff09\u3001\u6743\u9650\uff08authorization\uff09\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\uff08cache\uff09\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u7f16\u7801\uff08content encoding\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.2 \u8bf7\u6c42\u683c\u5f0f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a1.0\u7248\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-sql\">GET \/ HTTP\/1.0\nUser-Agent: Mozilla\/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5)\nAccept: \/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0e0.9\u7248\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u662f\u8bf7\u6c42\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c\uff08HTTP\/1.0\uff09\u3002\u540e\u9762\u5c31\u662f\u591a\u884c\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.3 \u56de\u5e94\u683c\u5f0f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-sql\">HTTP\/1.0 200 OK\nContent-Type: text\/plain\nContent-Length: 137582\nExpires: Thu, 05 Dec 1997 16:00:00 GMT\nLast-Modified: Wed, 5 August 1996 15:55:28 GMT\nServer: Apache 0.84\n\nHello World<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u56de\u5e94\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u201d\u5934\u4fe1\u606f + \u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u884c\uff08\\r\\n\uff09 + \u6570\u636e\u201d\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u662f\u201d\u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c + \u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff08status code\uff09 + \u72b6\u6001\u63cf\u8ff0\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.4 Content-Type \u5b57\u6bb5<\/strong><br \/>\n\u5173\u4e8e\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u7f16\u7801\uff0c1.0\u7248\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u5fc5\u987b\u662f ASCII \u7801\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u56de\u5e94\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u544a\u8bc9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662fContent-Type\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684Content-Type\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">text\/plain\ntext\/html\ntext\/css\nimage\/jpeg\nimage\/png\nimage\/svg+xml\naudio\/mp4\nvideo\/mp4\napplication\/javascript\napplication\/pdf\napplication\/zip\napplication\/atom+xml<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u603b\u79f0\u4e3aMIME type\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u503c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u7ea7\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u4e8c\u7ea7\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u659c\u6760\u5206\u9694\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5382\u5546\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">application\/vnd.debian.binary-package<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u662fDebian\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n<p>MIME type\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">Content-Type: text\/html; charset=utf-8<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u662f\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7f16\u7801\u662fUTF-8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Accept\u5b57\u6bb5\u58f0\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u54ea\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-undefined\">Accept: \/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u58f0\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>MIME type\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7528\u5728HTTP\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982HTML\u7f51\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.5 Content-Encoding \u5b57\u6bb5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6570\u636e\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u518d\u53d1\u9001\u3002Content-Encoding\u5b57\u6bb5\u8bf4\u660e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-css\">Content-Encoding: gzip\nContent-Encoding: compress\nContent-Encoding: deflate<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u7528Accept-Encoding\u5b57\u6bb5\u8bf4\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u54ea\u4e9b\u538b\u7f29\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-undefined\">Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>2.6 \u7f3a\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>HTTP\/1.0 \u7248\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2aTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u53ea\u80fd\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6bd5\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5c31\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd8\u8981\u8bf7\u6c42\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u518d\u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u65b0\u5efa\u6210\u672c\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u901f\u7387\u8f83\u6162\uff08slow start\uff09\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0cHTTP 1.0\u7248\u672c\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u5dee\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7f51\u9875\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u8d44\u6e90\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u6108\u53d1\u7a81\u51fa\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u6807\u51c6\u7684Connection\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-undefined\">Connection: keep-alive<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u8981\u6c42\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u8981\u5173\u95edTCP\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5176\u4ed6\u8bf7\u6c42\u590d\u7528\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u540c\u6837\u56de\u5e94\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-undefined\">Connection: keep-alive<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u590d\u7528\u7684TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u5c31\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u662f\u6839\u672c\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e09\u3001HTTP\/1.1<\/h3>\n<p>1997\u5e741\u6708\uff0cHTTP\/1.1 \u7248\u672c\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u53ea\u6bd4 1.0 \u7248\u672c\u665a\u4e86\u534a\u5e74\u3002\u5b83\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5b8c\u5584\u4e86 HTTP \u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u7528\u5230\u4e8620\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u662f\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.1 \u6301\u4e45\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><br \/>\n1.1 \u7248\u7684\u6700\u5927\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u6301\u4e45\u8fde\u63a5\uff08persistent connection\uff09\uff0c\u5373TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u590d\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u58f0\u660eConnection: keep-alive\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u73b0\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u9001Connection: close\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u8981\u6c42\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5173\u95edTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Connection: close<br \/>\n\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5141\u8bb8\u540c\u65f6\u5efa\u7acb6\u4e2a\u6301\u4e45\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.2 \u7ba1\u9053\u673a\u5236<\/strong><br \/>\n1.1 \u7248\u8fd8\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u7ba1\u9053\u673a\u5236\uff08pipelining\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2aTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6539\u8fdb\u4e86HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e24\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2aTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u5148\u53d1\u9001A\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7b49\u5f85\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u505a\u51fa\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u6536\u5230\u540e\u518d\u53d1\u51faB\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u7ba1\u9053\u673a\u5236\u5219\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u51faA\u8bf7\u6c42\u548cB\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd8\u662f\u6309\u7167\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5148\u56de\u5e94A\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u518d\u56de\u5e94B\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.3 Content-Length \u5b57\u6bb5<\/strong><br \/>\n\u4e00\u4e2aTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u9001\u591a\u4e2a\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u52bf\u5fc5\u5c31\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u533a\u5206\u6570\u636e\u5305\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u56de\u5e94\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662fContent-length\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u58f0\u660e\u672c\u6b21\u56de\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Content-Length: 3495<br \/>\n\u4e0a\u9762\u4ee3\u7801\u544a\u8bc9\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff0c\u672c\u6b21\u56de\u5e94\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f3495\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u5c31\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u56de\u5e94\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57281.0\u7248\u4e2d\uff0cContent-Length\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u53d1\u73b0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5173\u95ed\u4e86TCP\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5c31\u8868\u660e\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5df2\u7ecf\u5168\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.4 \u5206\u5757\u4f20\u8f93\u7f16\u7801<\/strong><br \/>\n\u4f7f\u7528Content-Length\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u56de\u5e94\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u77e5\u9053\u56de\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f88\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u7b49\u5230\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6548\u7387\u4e0d\u9ad8\u3002\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u5757\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5c31\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u5757\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u201d\u6d41\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\uff08stream\uff09\u53d6\u4ee3\u201d\u7f13\u5b58\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\uff08buffer\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c1.1\u7248\u89c4\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528Content-Length\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u201d\u5206\u5757\u4f20\u8f93\u7f16\u7801\u201d\uff08chunked transfer encoding\uff09\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u8bf7\u6c42\u6216\u56de\u5e94\u7684\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u6709Transfer-Encoding\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c31\u8868\u660e\u56de\u5e94\u5c06\u7531\u6570\u91cf\u672a\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Transfer-Encoding: chunked<br \/>\n\u6bcf\u4e2a\u975e\u7a7a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a16\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5757\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u6700\u540e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a0\u7684\u5757\uff0c\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u672c\u6b21\u56de\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u5b8c\u4e86\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">HTTP\/1.1 200 OK\nContent-Type: text\/plain\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\n\n25\nThis is the data in the first chunk\n\n1C\nand this is the second one\n\n3\ncon\n\n8\nsequence\n\n0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>3.5 \u5176\u4ed6\u529f\u80fd<\/strong><br \/>\n1.1\u7248\u8fd8\u65b0\u589e\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u52a8\u8bcd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1aPUT\u3001PATCH\u3001HEAD\u3001 OPTIONS\u3001DELETE\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u65b0\u589e\u4e86Host\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u57df\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-undefined\">Host: www.example.com<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6709\u4e86Host\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u5f80\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u4e3a\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u6253\u4e0b\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.6 \u7f3a\u70b9<\/strong><br \/>\n\u867d\u71361.1\u7248\u5141\u8bb8\u590d\u7528TCP\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2aTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u662f\u6309\u6b21\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ea\u6709\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u8981\u662f\u524d\u9762\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u7279\u522b\u6162\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u8bf7\u6c42\u6392\u961f\u7b49\u7740\u3002\u8fd9\u79f0\u4e3a\u201d\u961f\u5934\u5835\u585e\u201d\uff08Head-of-line blocking\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u51cf\u5c11\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u591a\u5f00\u6301\u4e45\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5408\u5e76\u811a\u672c\u548c\u6837\u5f0f\u8868\u3001\u5c06\u56fe\u7247\u5d4c\u5165CSS\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u57df\u540d\u5206\u7247\uff08domain sharding\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5982\u679cHTTP\u534f\u8bae\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u56db\u3001SPDY \u534f\u8bae<\/h3>\n<p>2009\u5e74\uff0c\u8c37\u6b4c\u516c\u5f00\u4e86\u81ea\u884c\u7814\u53d1\u7684 SPDY \u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u89e3\u51b3 HTTP\/1.1 \u6548\u7387\u4e0d\u9ad8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u5728Chrome\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e0a\u8bc1\u660e\u53ef\u884c\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c HTTP\/2 \u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u6027\u90fd\u5728 HTTP\/2 \u4e4b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u7ee7\u627f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e94\u3001HTTP\/2<\/h3>\n<p>2015\u5e74\uff0cHTTP\/2 \u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u53eb HTTP\/2.0\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u518d\u53d1\u5e03\u5b50\u7248\u672c\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u5c06\u662f HTTP\/3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>5.1 \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u534f\u8bae<\/strong><br \/>\nHTTP\/1.1 \u7248\u7684\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u6587\u672c\uff08ASCII\u7f16\u7801\uff09\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u3002HTTP\/2 \u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u6570\u636e\u4f53\u90fd\u662f\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7edf\u79f0\u4e3a\u201d\u5e27\u201d\uff08frame\uff09\uff1a\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u5e27\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e27\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u5904\u662f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5e27\u3002HTTP\/2 \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u8fd1\u5341\u79cd\u5e27\uff0c\u4e3a\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5e94\u7528\u6253\u597d\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u672c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u89e3\u6790\u6570\u636e\u5c06\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u89e3\u6790\u5219\u65b9\u4fbf\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>5.2 \u591a\u5de5<\/strong><br \/>\nHTTP\/2 \u590d\u7528TCP\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u91cc\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u6216\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u7528\u6309\u7167\u987a\u5e8f\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u201d\u961f\u5934\u5835\u585e\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2aTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u540c\u65f6\u6536\u5230\u4e86A\u8bf7\u6c42\u548cB\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5148\u56de\u5e94A\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u53d1\u9001A\u8bf7\u6c42\u5df2\u7ecf\u5904\u7406\u597d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c \u63a5\u7740\u56de\u5e94B\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u53d1\u9001A\u8bf7\u6c42\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u53cc\u5411\u7684\u3001\u5b9e\u65f6\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u5c31\u53eb\u505a\u591a\u5de5\uff08Multiplexing\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>5.3 \u6570\u636e\u6d41<\/strong><br \/>\n\u56e0\u4e3a HTTP\/2 \u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u662f\u4e0d\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u53d1\u9001\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u91cc\u9762\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5305\u505a\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u5b83\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u56de\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<p>HTTP\/2 \u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u6216\u56de\u5e94\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6d41\uff08stream\uff09\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u7684\u7f16\u53f7\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u6807\u8bb0\u6570\u636e\u6d41ID\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u533a\u5206\u5b83\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6d41\uff0cID\u4e00\u5f8b\u4e3a\u5947\u6570\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\uff0cID\u4e3a\u5076\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u53f7\uff08RST_STREAM\u5e27\uff09\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u30021.1\u7248\u53d6\u6d88\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5173\u95edTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0cHTTP\/2 \u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u6d88\u67d0\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u8bc1TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u8fd8\u6253\u5f00\u7740\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3002\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d8a\u65e9\u56de\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>5.4 \u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u538b\u7f29<\/strong><br \/>\nHTTP \u534f\u8bae\u4e0d\u5e26\u6709\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u9644\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u5b57\u6bb5\u90fd\u662f\u91cd\u590d\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982Cookie\u548cUser Agent\uff0c\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u9644\u5e26\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u6d6a\u8d39\u5f88\u591a\u5e26\u5bbd\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f71\u54cd\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>HTTP\/2 \u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u505a\u4e86\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u538b\u7f29\u673a\u5236\uff08header compression\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u4f7f\u7528gzip\u6216compress\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u518d\u53d1\u9001\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u540c\u65f6\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u5f20\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u8868\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u6bb5\u90fd\u4f1a\u5b58\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u5c31\u4e0d\u53d1\u9001\u540c\u6837\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u53d1\u9001\u7d22\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u63d0\u9ad8\u901f\u5ea6\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>5.5 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a8\u9001<\/strong><br \/>\nHTTP\/2 \u5141\u8bb8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u672a\u7ecf\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u8fd9\u53eb\u505a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a8\u9001\uff08server push\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u573a\u666f\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u9875\u91cc\u9762\u5305\u542b\u5f88\u591a\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5fc5\u987b\u6536\u5230\u7f51\u9875\u540e\uff0c\u89e3\u6790HTML\u6e90\u7801\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u518d\u53d1\u51fa\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u671f\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u7f51\u9875\u540e\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u518d\u8bf7\u6c42\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u4e3b\u52a8\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\u968f\u7740\u7f51\u9875\u4e00\u8d77\u53d1\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u516d\u3001\u53c2\u8003\u94fe\u63a5<\/h3>\n<p>Journey to HTTP\/2, by Kamran Ahmed<br \/>\nHTTP, by Wikipedia<br \/>\nHTTP\/1.0 Specification<br \/>\nHTTP\/2 Specification<br \/>\n\uff08\u5b8c\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a \u962e\u4e00\u5cf0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>HTTP \u534f\u8bae\u662f\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7f51\u9875\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5fc5\u5907\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c HTTP\/2 \u66f4\u662f\u8ba9\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u6280\u672f\u70ed\u70b9\u3002 \u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd HTTP \u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5386\u53f2   \u2026 &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[190],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8927"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8927"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8927\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8928,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8927\/revisions\/8928"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8927"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8927"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8927"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}