{"id":8787,"date":"2023-05-30T17:55:37","date_gmt":"2023-05-30T09:55:37","guid":{"rendered":"\/?p=8787"},"modified":"2023-05-30T17:55:37","modified_gmt":"2023-05-30T09:55:37","slug":"07-linux%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e5%8f%8a%e5%85%b6%e6%9d%83%e9%99%90%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/?p=8787","title":{"rendered":"07-Linux\u7528\u6237\u53ca\u5176\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1.\u7528\u6237\u3001\u7ec4\u5408\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n<h3>1.1 \u7528\u6237<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u6807\u8bc6\u3001\u5bc6\u7801<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Authentication \u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u5236<\/li>\n<li>Authorization \u6388\u6743\u673a\u5236<\/li>\n<li>Audition \u5ba1\u8ba1\u673a\u5236<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7ec4\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u6743\u9650\u5206\u914d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u7c7b\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u8868\u793a\uff1aUserID, UID<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>16bits\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b57\uff1a 0-65535<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\uff1a 0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff1a 1-65535<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\uff1a 1-499(Centos6), 1-999(Centos7)<\/li>\n<li>\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff1a 500-60000(Centos6), 1000-60000(Centos7)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u540d\u79f0\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u540d\u79f0\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Username &lt;--&gt; UID<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6839\u636e<code>\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5e93<\/code>\u8fdb\u884c\u540d\u79f0\u89e3\u6790\uff1a \/etc\/passwd<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">[lemon@VM-4-10-centos ~]$ cat \/etc\/passwd\nroot:x:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash\nbin:x:1:1:bin:\/bin:\/sbin\/nologin\ndaemon:x:2:2:daemon:\/sbin:\/sbin\/nologin\nadm:x:3:4:adm:\/var\/adm:\/sbin\/nologin\nlp:x:4:7:lp:\/var\/spool\/lpd:\/sbin\/nologin\nsync:x:5:0:sync:\/sbin:\/bin\/sync\nshutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:\/sbin:\/sbin\/shutdown\nhalt:x:7:0:halt:\/sbin:\/sbin\/halt\nmail:x:8:12:mail:\/var\/spool\/mail:\/sbin\/nologin\noperator:x:11:0:operator:\/root:\/sbin\/nologin\ngames:x:12:100:games:\/usr\/games:\/sbin\/nologin\nftp:x:14:50:FTP User:\/var\/ftp:\/sbin\/nologin\nnobody:x:99:99:Nobody:\/:\/sbin\/nologin\nsystemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:\/:\/sbin\/nologin\ndbus:x:81:81:System message bus:\/:\/sbin\/nologin\npolkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:\/:\/sbin\/nologin\nlibstoragemgmt:x:998:997:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:\/var\/run\/lsm:\/sbin\/nologin\nrpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:\/var\/lib\/rpcbind:\/sbin\/nologin\nntp:x:38:38::\/etc\/ntp:\/sbin\/nologin\nabrt:x:173:173::\/etc\/abrt:\/sbin\/nologin\nsshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:\/var\/empty\/sshd:\/sbin\/nologin\npostfix:x:89:89::\/var\/spool\/postfix:\/sbin\/nologin\nchrony:x:997:995::\/var\/lib\/chrony:\/sbin\/nologin\ntcpdump:x:72:72::\/:\/sbin\/nologin\nsyslog:x:996:994::\/home\/syslog:\/bin\/false\nwww:x:1000:1000::\/home\/www:\/sbin\/nologin\nmysql:x:1001:1001::\/home\/mysql:\/sbin\/nologin\nlighthouse:x:1002:1002::\/home\/lighthouse:\/bin\/bash\nlemon:x:1003:1003::\/home\/lemon:\/bin\/bash\ntss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:\/dev\/null:\/sbin\/nologin\nredis:x:995:990:Redis Database Server:\/var\/lib\/redis:\/sbin\/nologin\nx:x:1004:1004::\/home\/x:\/bin\/bash<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>1.2 \u7ec4<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u7ec4\u7c7b\u522b1\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7ec4<\/li>\n<li>\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/li>\n<li>\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4<\/li>\n<li>\u767b\u5f55\u7ec4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7ec4\u6807\u8bc6\uff1aGroupID\uff0c GID<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7ec4\uff1a0<\/li>\n<li>\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff1a 1-65635\n<ul>\n<li>\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff1a 1-499(Centos6), 1-999(Centos7)<\/li>\n<li>\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\uff1a 500-60000(Centos6), 1000-60000(Centos7)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u540d\u79f0\u89e3\u6790\uff1agroup\u90a3\u4e48 &lt;--&gt; gid<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u89e3\u6790\u5e93\uff1a\/etc\/group<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7ec4\u7c7b\u522b2\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u7ec4(\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4)<\/li>\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7ec4\u7c7b\u522b3\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u79c1\u6709\u7ec4\uff1a\u7ec4\u540d\u540c\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff0c\u4e14\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u516c\u5171\u7ec4\uff1a\u7ec4\u5185\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\uff1b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>1.3 \u8ba4\u8bc1\u4fe1\u606f<\/h3>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u5bf9\u4e8b\u5148\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\uff0c\u4e0e\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u81f4<\/p>\n<p>password:\u5355\u72ec\u5b58\u653e<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\/etc\/shadow \u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\/etc\/gshadow \u7ec4\u5bc6\u7801\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5bc6\u7801\u5b58\u50a8\u683c\u5f0f:\u5355\u5411\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u501f\u52a9\u4e8esalt\u5b8c\u6210<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>md5<\/li>\n<li>sha1<\/li>\n<li>sha224<\/li>\n<li>sha256<\/li>\n<li>sha384<\/li>\n<li>sha512<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>1.4 \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\/etc\/passwd\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5e93<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>name:password:UID:GID:GECOS:directory:shell<\/li>\n<li>name: \u7528\u6237\u540d<\/li>\n<li>password: \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u662f\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26x\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>UID:<\/li>\n<li>GID: \u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u4e3b\u7ec4\u7684ID\u53f7<\/li>\n<li>GECOS: \u6ce8\u91ca\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li>directory: \u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>she11:\u7528\u6237\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4shel1\uff0c\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u9ed8\u8ba4she11\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\/etc\/shadow: \u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u540d:\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u5bc6\u7801:\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u65f6\u95f4:\u6700\u77ed\u4f7f\u7528\u671f\u9650:\u6700\u957f\u4f7f\u7528\u671f\u9650:\u8b66\u544a\u671f\u6bb5:\u8fc7\u671f\u671f\u9650:\u4fdd\u7559\u5b57\u6bb5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\/etc\/group:\u7ec4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5e93<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>group_name:password:GID:user list<\/li>\n<li>user_list: \u8be5\u7ec4\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6210\u5458:\u4ee5\u6b64\u7ec4\u4e3a\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>2.\u6dfb\u52a0\/\u5220\u9664 \u7528\u6237\/\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/h2>\n<h3>2.1 group\u76f8\u5173<\/h3>\n<p>groupadd\u547d\u4ee4:\u6dfb\u52a0\u7ec4<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>groupadd[\u9009\u9879] group_name\n<ul>\n<li>-g GID: \u6307\u5b9aGID;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7684GID+1\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>-r:\u521b\u5efa\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\uff1b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>groupmod\u547d\u4ee4:\u4fee\u6539\u7ec4\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>groupmod[\u9009\u9879] GROUP\n<ul>\n<li>-g GID: \u4fee\u6539GID\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>-n new_name\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u7ec4\u540d\uff1b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>groupdel\u547d\u4ee4:\u5220\u9664\u7ec4<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>groupdel[\u9009\u9879] GROUP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2.2 user\u76f8\u5173<\/h3>\n<p>useradd\u547d\u4ee4:\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>useradd [\u9009\u9879] \u767b\u5f55\u540d<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-u, --uid UID:\u6307\u5b9aUID;<\/li>\n<li>-g, --gid GROUP:\u6307\u5b9a\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4ID\uff0c\u6b64\u7ec4\u5f97\u4e8b\u5148\u5b58\u5728<\/li>\n<li>-G, --groups GROUP1[,GROUP2,...[,GROUPN]]]: \u6307\u660e\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694;<\/li>\n<li>-c, --comment COMMENT: \u6307\u660e\u6ce8\u91ca\u4fe1\u606f;<\/li>\n<li>-d, --home HOME_DIR:\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55; \u901a\u8fc7\u590d\u5236\/etc\/skel\u6b64\u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u5b9e\u73b0:\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u5148\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u590d\u5236\u73af\u5883\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6;<\/li>\n<li>-s, --shell SHELL: \u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4shel1\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6240\u6709shel1\u5217\u8868\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\/etc\/shells\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d<\/li>\n<li>-r, --system:\u521b\u5efa\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f:\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u65f6\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u5b9a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a\/etc\/login.defs<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>useradd -D: \u663e\u793a\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>useradd -D \u9009\u9879: \u4fee\u6539\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9009\u9879\u7684\u503c;<\/p>\n<p>\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e8e\/etc\/default\/useradd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>usermod\u547d\u4ee4:\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5c5e\u6027<br \/>\nusermod [\u9009\u9879] \u767b\u5f55<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-u, --uid UID: \u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684ID\u4e3a\u6b64\u5904\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u65b0UID;<\/li>\n<li>-g, --gid GROUP:\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4;<\/li>\n<li>-G, --groups GROUP1[,GROUP2...[,GROUPN]]]: \u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4:\u539f\u6765\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4f1a\u88ab\u8986\u76d6<\/li>\n<li>-a, --append: \u4e0e-G\u4e00\u540c\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u8ffd\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4;<\/li>\n<li>-c, --comment COMMENT: \u4fee\u6539\u6ce8\u91ca\u4fe1\u606f;<\/li>\n<li>-d, --home HOME_DIR: \u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55; \u7528\u6237\u539f\u6709\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u8f6c\u79fb\u81f3\u65b0\u4f4d\u7f6e;<\/li>\n<li>-m, --move-home: \u53ea\u80fd\u4e0e-d\u9009\u9879\u4e00\u540c\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u79fb\u52a8\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55;<\/li>\n<li>-l, --login NEW_LOGIN: \u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u540d;<\/li>\n<li>-s, --shel1 SHELL: \u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4she1;<\/li>\n<li>-L, --lock: \u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801:\u5373\u5728\u7528\u6237\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e4b\u524d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a&quot;!&quot;;<\/li>\n<li>-U, --unlock:\u89e3\u9501\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>userdel\u547d\u4ee4:\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237<br \/>\nuserdel [\u9009\u9879] \u767b\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u65f6\u4e00\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u5176\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b<\/p>\n<h3>2.4 \u7ec3\u4e60<\/h3>\n<p>\u7ec3\u4e601:\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237gentoo\uff0cUID\u4e3a4001\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u4e3agentoo\uff0c\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4e3adistro(GID\u4e3a5000)\u548cpeguin(GID\u4e3a5001):<\/p>\n<p>\u7ec3\u4e602::\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237fedora, \u6ce8\u91ca\u4fe1\u606f\u4e3a&quot;Fedora Core&quot;\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4shel1\u4e3a\/bin\/tcsh:<\/p>\n<p>\u7ec3\u4e603: \u4fee\u6539gentoo\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e3a\/var\/tmp\/gentoo: \u8981\u6c42\u5176\u539f\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u4ecd\u80fd\u88ab\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee<\/p>\n<p>\u7ec3\u4e604:\u4e3agent oo\u65b0\u589e\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4netadmin;<\/p>\n<h2>3. \u5bc6\u7801\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n<h3>3.1 passwd\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">PASSWD(1)                                                            User utilities                                                            PASSWD(1)\n\nNAME\n       passwd - update user&#039;s authentication tokens\n\nSYNOPSIS\n       passwd [-k] [-l] [-u [-f]] [-d] [-e] [-n mindays] [-x maxdays] [-w warndays] [-i inactivedays] [-S] [--stdin] [username]<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>passwd: \u4fee\u6539\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bc6\u7801<\/li>\n<li>passwd USERNAME: \u4fee\u6539\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u9009\u9879\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-u, -l: \u9501\u5b9a\u548c\u89e3\u9501\u7528\u6237<\/li>\n<li>-d: \u6e05\u695a\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u4e32\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>-e DATE: \u8fc7\u671f\u671f\u9650\uff0c\u65e5\u671f\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>-i DAYS: \u975e\u6d3b\u52a8\u671f\u9650\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>-n DAYS: \u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u4f7f\u7528\u671f\u9650;<\/li>\n<li>-x DAYS: \u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u6700\u957f\u4f7f\u7528\u671f\u9650\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>-w DAYS: \u8b66\u544a\u671f\u9650<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>--stdin:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>echo &quot;PASSWORD&quot; | passwd 00stin USERNAME<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3.2 gpasswd\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>gpasswd [\u9009\u9879] group<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-a USERNAME: \u5411\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237<\/li>\n<li>-d USERNAME:\u4ece\u7ec4\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7528\u6237<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>newgrp\u547d\u4ee4:\u4e34\u65f6\u5207\u6362\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7ec4\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\uff1b<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>newgrp [-] [group]\n<ul>\n<li>-: \u4f1a\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u91cd\u65b0\u767b\u5f55\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u91cd\u65b0\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>chage\u547d\u4ee4:\u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u8fc7\u671f\u4fe1\u606f<br \/>\nchage [\u9009\u9879] \u767b\u5f55\u540d<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-d<\/li>\n<li>-E<\/li>\n<li>-W<\/li>\n<li>-m<\/li>\n<li>-M<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3.4 id \u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>id\u547d\u4ee4:\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6709\u6548ID;<br \/>\nid [OPTION]... [USER]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-u: \u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u6709\u6548\u7684UID\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>-g: \u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4ID;<\/li>\n<li>-G:\u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ec4\u7684ID;<\/li>\n<li>-n: \u663e\u793a\u540d\u5b57\u800c\u975eID;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3.5 su \u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>su\u547d\u4ee4: switch user<\/p>\n<p>\u767b\u5f55\u5f0f\u5207\u6362:\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8bfb\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SU - USERNAME<\/li>\n<li>SU -I USERNAME<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u975e\u767b\u5f55\u5f0f\u5207\u6362:\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SU USERNAME<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3.6 \u5176\u4ed6\u51e0\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>chsh: change shell,\u6539\u53d8shell\u6216\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684shell;<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">[root@VM-4-10-centos ~]# chsh lemon\nChanging shell for lemon.\nNew shell [\/bin\/bash]: \/bin\/csh\nShell changed.\n[root@VM-4-10-centos ~]# cat \/etc\/passwd<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>chfn:\u4fee\u6539finger\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>whoami<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>3.\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n<h3>1.\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>ls -l<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>rwxrwxrwx:<\/li>\n<li>\u5de6\u4e09\u4f4d\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49user(owner)\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<li>\u4e2d\u4e09\u4f4d\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49group\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<li>\u53f3\u4e09\u4f4d\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49other\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff1a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u5e94\u7528\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5c5e\u4e3b\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u4e3b\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5219\u5e94\u7528\u5c5e\u4e3b\u6743\u9650\uff1b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5219\u68c0\u67e5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5c5e\u4e3b\u662f\u5426\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u5219\u5e94\u7528\u5c5e\u7ec4\u6743\u9650\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u5e94\u7528other\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2.\u6743\u9650\u540d\u79f0<\/h3>\n<p>\u6743\u9650\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>r : read,\u8bfb<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>w: write, \u5199<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>x : excute,\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>r : \u53ef\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<li>w : \u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<li>x : \u53ef\u5c06\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u8fd0\u884c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>r : \u53ef\u4f7f\u7528ls\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5176\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>w : \u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u6b64\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868\uff1a \u5373\u521b\u5efa\u6216\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>x : \u53ef cd \u81f3\u6b64\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528ls -l \u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5c5e\u6027\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>mode: rwxrwxrwx<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>ownership: user, group<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3.\u6743\u9650\u7ec4\u5408\u673a\u5236<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>---<\/th>\n<th>000<\/th>\n<th>0<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>--x<\/td>\n<td>001<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-w-<\/td>\n<td>010<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-wx<\/td>\n<td>011<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>r--<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>r-x<\/td>\n<td>101<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>rw-<\/td>\n<td>110<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>rwx<\/td>\n<td>111<\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u7ec3\u4e60\uff1a<\/strong>rw-rw-r--\uff0c rwxrwxr-x, rwxr-x---,rw-------, rwxr-xr-x<\/p>\n<p>664,775,750,600,755<\/p>\n<h3>4.\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<h4>chmod\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<p>chmod [option]...  MODE[,MODE]... FILE...<\/p>\n<p>chmod [option]...  OCTAL -MODE FILE...<\/p>\n<p>chmod [option]... --reference=RFILE FILE...<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u7c7b\u7528\u6237\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>u: \u5c5e\u4e3b<\/li>\n<li>g: \u5c5e\u7ec4<\/li>\n<li>o: \u5176\u4ed6<\/li>\n<li>a: \u6240\u6709<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>chmod [option]... MODE[,MODE]... FILE...<\/p>\n<p>MODE\u8868\u793a\u6cd5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8d4b\u6743\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\n<ul>\n<li>chmod u=rwx<\/li>\n<li>g=<\/li>\n<li>o=<\/li>\n<li>a=<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u6388\u6743\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\n<ul>\n<li>u+<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1.\u7528\u6237\u3001\u7ec4\u5408\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406 1.1 \u7528\u6237 \u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u6807\u8bc6\u3001\u5bc6\u7801 Authentication \u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u5236 Authorization \u6388   \u2026 &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[131],"tags":[15],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8787"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8787"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8787\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8788,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8787\/revisions\/8788"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8787"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8787"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8787"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}