{"id":253,"date":"2021-10-28T14:18:08","date_gmt":"2021-10-28T06:18:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/47.98.165.52\/?p=253"},"modified":"2022-06-19T21:23:31","modified_gmt":"2022-06-19T13:23:31","slug":"python-%e5%88%97%e8%a1%a8%e6%8e%92%e5%ba%8f%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95sort%e3%80%81sorted%e6%8a%80%e5%b7%a7%e7%af%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/?p=253","title":{"rendered":"python \u5217\u8868\u6392\u5e8f\u65b9\u6cd5sort\u3001sorted\u6280\u5de7\u7bc7"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Python list\u5185\u7f6esort()\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u6765\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528python\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u5168\u5c40sorted()\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5bf9\u53ef\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u6392\u5e8f\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>1\uff09\u6392\u5e8f\u57fa\u7840<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5347\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u7528sorted()\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684list\uff0c\u65b0\u7684list\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u57fa\u4e8e\u5c0f\u4e8e\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26(<strong>lt<\/strong>)\u6765\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">>&gt;&gt; sorted([5, 2, 3, 1, 4])\n[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528list.sort()\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6list\u672c\u8eab\u5c06\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5982sorted()\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u6765\u7684list\uff0c\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code>>&gt;&gt; a = [5, 2, 3, 1, 4]\n>&gt;&gt; a.sort()\n>&gt;&gt; a\n[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u5c31\u662flist.sort()\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ec5\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728list\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u5730sorted()\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7684\u53ef\u8fed\u4ee3\u5e8f\u5217\u90fd\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code>>&gt;&gt; sorted({1: &#039;D&#039;, 2: &#039;B&#039;, 3: &#039;B&#039;, 4: &#039;E&#039;, 5: &#039;A&#039;})\n[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>2\uff09key\u53c2\u6570\/\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4ecepython2.4\u5f00\u59cb\uff0clist.sort()\u548csorted()\u51fd\u6570\u589e\u52a0\u4e86key\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6b64\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u6bd4\u8f83\u524d\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7key\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5ffd\u7565\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>>&gt;&gt; sorted(&quot;This is a test string from Andrew&quot;.split(), key=str.lower)\n[&#039;a&#039;, &#039;Andrew&#039;, &#039;from&#039;, &#039;is&#039;, &#039;string&#039;, &#039;test&#039;, &#039;This&#039;]<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>key\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6b64\u51fd\u6570\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4e14\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u7528\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\u662f\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u56e0\u4e3akey\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u7528\u590d\u6742\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u503c\u6765\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>>&gt;&gt; student_tuples = [\n        (&#039;john&#039;, &#039;A&#039;, 15),\n        (&#039;jane&#039;, &#039;B&#039;, 12),\n        (&#039;dave&#039;, &#039;B&#039;, 10),\n]\n>&gt;&gt; sorted(student_tuples, key=lambda student: student[2])   # sort by age\n[(&#039;dave&#039;, &#039;B&#039;, 10), (&#039;jane&#039;, &#039;B&#039;, 12), (&#039;john&#039;, &#039;A&#039;, 15)]<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u62e5\u6709\u547d\u540d\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\\&gt;&gt;&gt; class Student:\n    def __init__(self, name, grade, age):\n        self.name = name\n        self.grade = grade\n        self.age = age\n    def __repr__(self):\n        return repr((self.name, self.grade, self.age))\n\\&gt;&gt;&gt; student_objects = [\n    Student(&#039;john&#039;, &#039;A&#039;, 15),\n    Student(&#039;jane&#039;, &#039;B&#039;, 12),\n    Student(&#039;dave&#039;, &#039;B&#039;, 10),\n]\n\\&gt;&gt;&gt; sorted(student_objects, key=lambda student: student.age)  # sort by age\n[(&#039;dave&#039;, &#039;B&#039;, 10), (&#039;jane&#039;, &#039;B&#039;, 12), (&#039;john&#039;, &#039;A&#039;, 15)]<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>3\uff09Operator \u6a21\u5757\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u7684key\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u4f7f\u5f97\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u3002operator\u6a21\u5757\u6709itemgetter\uff0cattrgetter\uff0c\u4ece2.6\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd8\u589e\u52a0\u4e86methodcaller\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\u548c\u5feb\u901f\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>>&gt;&gt; from operator import itemgetter, attrgetter\n>&gt;&gt; sorted(student_tuples, key=itemgetter(2))\n[(&#039;dave&#039;, &#039;B&#039;, 10), (&#039;jane&#039;, &#039;B&#039;, 12), (&#039;john&#039;, &#039;A&#039;, 15)]\n>&gt;&gt; sorted(student_objects, key=attrgetter(&#039;age&#039;))\n[(&#039;dave&#039;, &#039;B&#039;, 10), (&#039;jane&#039;, &#039;B&#039;, 12), (&#039;john&#039;, &#039;A&#039;, 15)]<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>operator\u6a21\u5757\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u591a\u7ea7\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5148\u4ee5grade\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u4ee5age\u6765\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>>&gt;&gt; sorted(student_tuples, key=itemgetter(1,2))\n[(&#039;john&#039;, &#039;A&#039;, 15), (&#039;dave&#039;, &#039;B&#039;, 10), (&#039;jane&#039;, &#039;B&#039;, 12)]\n>&gt;&gt; sorted(student_objects, key=attrgetter(&#039;grade&#039;, &#039;age&#039;))\n[(&#039;john&#039;, &#039;A&#039;, 15), (&#039;dave&#039;, &#039;B&#039;, 10), (&#039;jane&#039;, &#039;B&#039;, 12)]<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>4\uff09\u5347\u5e8f\u548c\u964d\u5e8f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>list.sort()\u548csorted()\u90fd\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570reverse\uff08True or False\uff09\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5347\u5e8f\u6216\u964d\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9\u4e0a\u9762\u7684student\u964d\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>>&gt;&gt; sorted(student_tuples, key=itemgetter(2), reverse=True)\n[(&#039;john&#039;, &#039;A&#039;, 15), (&#039;jane&#039;, &#039;B&#039;, 12), (&#039;dave&#039;, &#039;B&#039;, 10)]\n>&gt;&gt; sorted(student_objects, key=attrgetter(&#039;age&#039;), reverse=True)\n[(&#039;john&#039;, &#039;A&#039;, 15), (&#039;jane&#039;, &#039;B&#039;, 12), (&#039;dave&#039;, &#039;B&#039;, 10)]<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>5\uff09\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6392\u5e8f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4ecepython2.2\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u88ab\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8bf4\u591a\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5982\u679c\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684key\uff0c\u5219\u6392\u5e8f\u524d\u540e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5148\u540e\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code>>&gt;&gt; data = [(&#039;red&#039;, 1), (&#039;blue&#039;, 1), (&#039;red&#039;, 2), (&#039;blue&#039;, 2)]\n>&gt;&gt; sorted(data, key=itemgetter(0))\n[(&#039;blue&#039;, 1), (&#039;blue&#039;, 2), (&#039;red&#039;, 1), (&#039;red&#039;, 2)]<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\u5728\u6392\u5e8f\u540e'blue'\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\uff0c\u5373'blue', 1\u5728'blue', 2\u7684\u524d\u9762\u3002<br \/>\n\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u5730\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9student\u6570\u636e\u5148\u4ee5grade\u964d\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u4ee5age\u5347\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code>>&gt;&gt; s = sorted(student_objects, key=attrgetter(&#039;age&#039;))     # sort on secondary key\n>&gt;&gt; sorted(s, key=attrgetter(&#039;grade&#039;), reverse=True)       # now sort on primary key, descending\n[(&#039;dave&#039;, &#039;B&#039;, 10), (&#039;jane&#039;, &#039;B&#039;, 12), (&#039;john&#039;, &#039;A&#039;, 15)]<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>6\uff09\u6700\u8001\u571f\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u65b9\u6cd5-DSU<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u5176\u4e3aDSU\uff08Decorate-Sort-Undecorate\uff09,\u539f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u4e0b\u5217\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u4e00\uff1a\u5bf9\u539f\u59cb\u7684list\u8fdb\u884c\u88c5\u9970\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u65b0list\u7684\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u6392\u5e8f\uff1b<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff1a\u5bf9\u88c5\u9970\u540e\u7684list\u6392\u5e8f\uff1b<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u4e09\uff1a\u5c06\u88c5\u9970\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5c06\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u7684\u88c5\u9970list\u91cd\u65b0\u6784\u5efa\u4e3a\u539f\u6765\u7c7b\u578b\u7684list\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528DSU\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5bf9student\u6570\u636e\u6839\u636egrade\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\\&gt;&gt;&gt; decorated = [(student.grade, i, student) for i, student in enumerate(student_objects)]\n\\&gt;&gt;&gt; decorated.sort()\n\\&gt;&gt;&gt; [student for grade, i, student in decorated]        # undecorate\n[(&#039;john&#039;, &#039;A&#039;, 15), (&#039;jane&#039;, &#039;B&#039;, 12), (&#039;dave&#039;, &#039;B&#039;, 10)]<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u80fd\u591f\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662ftuples\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0ctuples\u95f4\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u9996\u5148\u6bd4\u8f83tuples\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u518d\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684tuples\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5305\u542b\u7d22\u5f15\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u597d\u5904\uff1a<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u4e00\uff1a\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684key\uff0c\u5219\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u5148\u540e\u987a\u5e8f\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff1b<br \/>\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff1a\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7528\u6765\u505a\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3atuples\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5143\u7d20\u7528\u6765\u6bd4\u8f83\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u88abRandalL.\u5728perl\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a8\u5e7f\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u4e3a\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aSchwartzian transform\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u5927\u7684list\u6216list\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d77\u6765\u592a\u8fc7\u590d\u6742\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728python2.4\u524d\uff0cDSU\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u57282.4\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u89e3\u91ca\u7684key\u51fd\u6570\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>7\uff09\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u666e\u904d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u65b9\u6cd5-cmp\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728python2.4\u524d\uff0csorted()\u548clist.sort()\u51fd\u6570\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9bkey\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86cmp\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u6307\u5b9a\u6bd4\u8f83\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u4e5f\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728python3.0\u4e2d\uff0ccmp\u53c2\u6570\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u79fb\u9664\u4e86\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7b80\u5316\u548c\u7edf\u4e00\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6bd4\u8f83\u548c<strong>cmp<\/strong>\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728python2.x\u4e2dcmp\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5143\u7d20\u95f4\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u6b64\u51fd\u6570\u9700\u89812\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u8d1f\u6570\u8868\u793a\u5c0f\u4e8e\uff0c0\u8868\u793a\u7b49\u4e8e\uff0c\u6b63\u6570\u8868\u793a\u5927\u4e8e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>>&gt;&gt; def numeric_compare(x, y):\n        return x - y\n>&gt;&gt; sorted([5, 2, 4, 1, 3], cmp=numeric_compare)\n[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6216\u8005\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>>&gt;&gt; def reverse_numeric(x, y):\n        return y - x\n>&gt;&gt; sorted([5, 2, 4, 1, 3], cmp=reverse_numeric)\n[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u73b0\u6709\u76842.x\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u79fb\u690d\u52303.x\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06cmp\u51fd\u6570\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3akey\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684wrapper\u5f88\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>def cmp_to_key(mycmp):\n    &#039;Convert a cmp= function into a key= function&#039;\n    class K(object):\n        def __init__(self, obj, *args):\n            self.obj = obj\n        def __lt__(self, other):\n            return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) &lt; 0\n        def __gt__(self, other):\n            return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) &gt; 0\n        def __eq__(self, other):\n            return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) == 0\n        def __le__(self, other):\n            return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) &lt;= 0\n        def __ge__(self, other):\n            return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) &gt;= 0\n        def __ne__(self, other):\n            return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) != 0\n    return K<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u5c06cmp\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3akey\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>>&gt;&gt; sorted([5, 2, 4, 1, 3], key=cmp_to_key(reverse_numeric))\n[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4ecepython2.7\uff0ccmp_to_key()\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u589e\u52a0\u5230\u4e86functools\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>8)\u5176\u4ed6\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>* \u5bf9\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u533a\u57df\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528locale.strxfrm()\u4f5c\u4e3akey\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528local.strcoll()\u4f5c\u4e3acmp\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p>* reverse\u53c2\u6570\u4efb\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u65f6\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6548\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528reversed()\u51fd\u6570\u4e24\u6b21\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>>&gt;&gt; data = [(&#039;red&#039;, 1), (&#039;blue&#039;, 1), (&#039;red&#039;, 2), (&#039;blue&#039;, 2)]\n>&gt;&gt; assert sorted(data, reverse=True) == list(reversed(sorted(reversed(data))))<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>* \u5176\u5b9e\u6392\u5e8f\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u662f\u8c03\u7528\u5143\u7d20\u7684<strong>cmp<\/strong>\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5143\u7d20\u7c7b\u578b\u589e\u52a0<strong>cmp<\/strong>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u5f97\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>>&gt;&gt; Student.__lt__ = lambda self, other: self.age &lt; other.age\n>&gt;&gt; sorted(student_objects)\n[(&#039;dave&#039;, &#039;B&#039;, 10), (&#039;jane&#039;, &#039;B&#039;, 12), (&#039;john&#039;, &#039;A&#039;, 15)]<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>* key\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u9700\u8981\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728dictionary\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64dictionary\u6765\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u540d\u5b57\u7684list\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>>&gt;&gt; students = [&#039;dave&#039;, &#039;john&#039;, &#039;jane&#039;]\n>&gt;&gt; newgrades = {&#039;john&#039;: &#039;F&#039;, &#039;jane&#039;:&#039;A&#039;, &#039;dave&#039;: &#039;C&#039;}\n>&gt;&gt; sorted(students, key=newgrades.__getitem__)\n[&#039;jane&#039;, &#039;dave&#039;, &#039;john&#039;]<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>*\u5f53\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u8bdd\uff0csort(),sorted()\u6216bisect.insort()\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528heap\uff0cred-black tree\u6216treap\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Python list\u5185\u7f6esort()\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u6765\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528python\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u5168\u5c40sorted()\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5bf9\u53ef\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u6392\u5e8f\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u3002   \u2026 &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[53],"tags":[16],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/253"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=253"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/253\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1014,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/253\/revisions\/1014"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=253"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=253"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=253"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}