{"id":2023,"date":"2023-05-05T10:27:05","date_gmt":"2023-05-05T02:27:05","guid":{"rendered":"\/?p=2023"},"modified":"2023-05-05T10:27:05","modified_gmt":"2023-05-05T02:27:05","slug":"python%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/?p=2023","title":{"rendered":"Python\u5b89\u5168\u6307\u5357"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>\u901a\u7528\u7c7b<\/h1>\n<h2>I. \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h2>\n<h3>1.1 \u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<h4>1.1.1 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>DES\u548c3DES\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e94\u6539\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528AES\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>1.2 \u7a0b\u5e8f\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h3>\n<h4>1.2.1 \u3010\u5efa\u8bae\u3011\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u786e\u4fdd\u91cd\u8981\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u4e14\u53ef\u9760\u4fdd\u5b586\u4e2a\u6708\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>1.2.2 \u3010\u5efa\u8bae\u3011\u7981\u6b62\u5c06\u672a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u76f4\u63a5\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5f53\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u5305\u542b\u672a\u7ecf\u51c0\u5316\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u8bb0\u5f55\u6ce8\u5165\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002\u6076\u610f\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u63d2\u5165\u4f2a\u9020\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4ee5\u4e3a\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>1.2.3 \u3010\u5efa\u8bae\u3011\u907f\u514d\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fdd\u5b58\u5bc6\u7801\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u660e\u6587\u5bc6\u7801\u548c\u5bc6\u6587\u5bc6\u7801\uff09\u3001\u5bc6\u94a5\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>1.3 \u7cfb\u7edf\u53e3\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<h4>1.3.1 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u7981\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u7a7a\u53e3\u4ee4\u3001\u5f31\u53e3\u4ee4\u3001\u5df2\u6cc4\u9732\u53e3\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<h4>1.3.2 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u53e3\u4ee4\u5f3a\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42<\/h4>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u53e3\u4ee4\u5f3a\u5ea6\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5bc6\u7801\u957f\u5ea6\u5927\u4e8e14\u4f4d<\/li>\n<li>\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u4e0b\u5217\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u5f97\u4f7f\u7528\u5404\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u521d\u59cb\u5bc6\u7801<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u6700\u8fd16\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u91cd\u590d<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5916\u90e8\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5bc6\u7801<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4>1.3.3 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u53e3\u4ee4\u5b58\u50a8\u5b89\u5168<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7981\u6b62\u660e\u6587\u5b58\u50a8\u53e3\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\u7981\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u5f31\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u5982DES\u548c3DES\uff09\u52a0\u5bc6\u5b58\u50a8\u53e3\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u968f\u673asalt\u5bf9\u53e3\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\u5b58\u50a8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>1.3.4 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u7981\u6b62\u4f20\u9012\u660e\u6587\u53e3\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<h4>1.3.5 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u7981\u6b62\u5728\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4fe1\u9053\u4e2d\u4f20\u8f93\u53e3\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<h2>II. \u914d\u7f6e&amp;\u73af\u5883<\/h2>\n<h3>2.1 Python\u7248\u672c\u9009\u62e9<\/h3>\n<h4>2.1.1 \u3010\u5efa\u8bae\u3011\u4f7f\u7528Python 3.6+\u7684\u7248\u672c<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528 Python 3.6+<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u7531\u4e8e Python 2 \u5728 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.python.org\/doc\/sunset-python-2\/\">2020 \u5e74\u505c\u6b62\u7ef4\u62a4<\/a>\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u53ca\u65f6\u4fee\u590d\u4e0e\u7ef4\u62a4<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3>2.2 \u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5305\u5b89\u5168<\/h3>\n<h4>2.2.2 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u7981\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<h3>2.3 \u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f<\/h3>\n<h4>2.3.1 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u5bc6\u94a5\u5b58\u50a8\u5b89\u5168<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u79f0\u5bc6\u7801\u7b97\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u597d\u52a0\u5bc6\u5bc6\u94a5\u3002\u5f53\u7b97\u6cd5\u6d89\u53ca\u654f\u611f\u3001\u4e1a\u52a1\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u7b97\u6cd5\u534f\u5546\u52a0\u5bc6\u5bc6\u94a5\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u8f83\u4e3a\u4e0d\u654f\u611f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u53d8\u6362\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u4fdd\u62a4\u5bc6\u94a5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2.3.2 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u7981\u6b62\u786c\u7f16\u7801\u654f\u611f\u914d\u7f6e<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7981\u6b62\u5728\u6e90\u7801\u4e2d\u786c\u7f16\u7801AK\/SK\u3001IP\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8d26\u5bc6\u7b49\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li>\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216KMS\u5bc6\u94a5\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>\u540e\u53f0\u7c7b<\/h1>\n<h2>I. \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h2>\n<h3>1.1 \u8f93\u5165\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h3>\n<h4>1.1.1 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u6309\u7c7b\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6821\u9a8c<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u6240\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5916\u90e8\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u5e94\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6821\u9a8c\u3002\u6821\u9a8c\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u957f\u5ea6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u6821\u9a8c\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u5e94\u62d2\u7edd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pyeve\/cerberus\">Cerberus<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Julian\/jsonschema\">jsonschema<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.djangoproject.com\/en\/dev\/ref\/validators\/\">Django-Validators<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\"># Cerberus\u793a\u4f8b\nv = Validator({&#039;name&#039;: {&#039;type&#039;: &#039;string&#039;}})\nv.validate({&#039;name&#039;: &#039;john doe&#039;})\n\n# jsonschema\u793a\u4f8b\nschema = {\n     &quot;type&quot; : &quot;object&quot;,\n     &quot;properties&quot; : {\n         &quot;price&quot; : {&quot;type&quot; : &quot;number&quot;},\n         &quot;name&quot; : {&quot;type&quot; : &quot;string&quot;},\n     },\n}\n\nvalidate(instance={&quot;name&quot; : &quot;Eggs&quot;, &quot;price&quot; : 34.99}, schema=schema)<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>1.2 SQL\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n<h4>1.2.1 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u67e5\u8be2<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u5316SQL\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u5f3a\u5236\u533a\u5206\u6570\u636e\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4ea7\u751fSQL\u6ce8\u5165\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u9519\u8bef\u793a\u4f8b\nimport mysql.connector\n\nmydb = mysql.connector.connect(\n... ...\n)\n\ncur = mydb.cursor()\nuserid = get_id_from_user()\n# \u4f7f\u7528%\u76f4\u63a5\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u62fc\u63a5SQL\u8bed\u53e5\ncur.execute(&quot;SELECT `id`, `password` FROM `auth_user` WHERE `id`=%s &quot; % (userid,)) \nmyresult = cur.fetchall()<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u5b89\u5168\u793a\u4f8b\nimport mysql.connector\n\nmydb = mysql.connector.connect(\n... ...\n)\ncur = mydb.cursor()\nuserid = get_id_from_user()\n# \u5c06\u5143\u7ec4\u4ee5\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f20\u5165\ncur.execute(&quot;SELECT `id`, `password` FROM `auth_user` WHERE `id`=%s &quot; , (userid,))\nmyresult = cur.fetchall()<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528ORM\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528<code>SQLAlchemy<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u5b89\u88c5sqlalchemy\u5e76\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\n# pip install sqlalchemy\nfrom sqlalchemy import create_engine\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a\u4f60\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\nengine = create_engine(&#039;mysql+mysqlconnector:\/\/user:password@host:port\/DATABASE&#039;)<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u5f15\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\nfrom sqlalchemy import Column, String, Integer, Float\nfrom sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base\n\nBase = declarative_base()\n# \u5b9a\u4e49 Player \u5bf9\u8c61:\nclass Player(Base):\n    # \u8868\u7684\u540d\u5b57:\n    __tablename__ = &#039;player&#039;\n\n    # \u8868\u7684\u7ed3\u6784:\n    player_id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)\n    team_id = Column(Integer)\n    player_name = Column(String(255))\n    height = Column(Float(3, 2))<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u589e\u5220\u6539\u67e5\nfrom sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker\n# \u521b\u5efa DBSession \u7c7b\u578b:\nDBSession = sessionmaker(bind=engine)\n# \u521b\u5efa session \u5bf9\u8c61:\nsession = DBSession()\n\n# \u589e:\nnew_player = Player(team_id=101, player_name=&quot;Tom&quot;, height=1.98)\nsession.add(new_player)\n# \u5220:\nrow = session.query(Player).filter(Player.player_name==&quot;Tom&quot;).first()\nsession.delete(row)\n# \u6539:\nrow = session.query(Player).filter(Player.player_name==&quot;Tom&quot;).first()\nrow.height = 1.99\n# \u67e5:\nrows = session.query(Player).filter(Player.height &gt;= 1.88).all()\n\n# \u63d0\u4ea4\u5373\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93:\nsession.commit()\n# \u5173\u95ed session:\nsession.close()<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>1.2.2 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u5bf9\u53c2\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u6ee4<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5c06\u63a5\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u53c2\u6570\u52a8\u6001\u62fc\u63a5\u5230SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u53c2\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">def sql_filter(sql, max_length=20):\n    dirty_stuff = [&quot;\\&quot;&quot;, &quot;\\\\&quot;, &quot;\/&quot;, &quot;*&quot;, &quot;&#039;&quot;, &quot;=&quot;, &quot;-&quot;, &quot;#&quot;, &quot;;&quot;, &quot;&lt;&quot;, &quot;&gt;&quot;, &quot;+&quot;, \n                   &quot;&amp;&quot;, &quot;$&quot;, &quot;(&quot;, &quot;)&quot;, &quot;%&quot;, &quot;@&quot;, &quot;,&quot;]\n    for stuff in dirty_stuff:\n        sql = sql.replace(stuff, &quot;x&quot;)\n    return sql[:max_length]<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>1.3 \u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<h4>1.3.1 \u3010\u5efa\u8bae\u3011\u907f\u514d\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u76f8\u5173\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e94\u907f\u514d\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u5982<code>os.system()<\/code>\u3001<code>os.popen()<\/code>\u3001<code>subprocess.call()<\/code>\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u7c7b\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee3\u66ff\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edfAPI\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u800c\u975e\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u8bc4\u4f30\u65e0\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u5e94\u907f\u514d\u62fc\u63a5\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u767d\u540d\u5355\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>1.3.2 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u8fc7\u6ee4\u4f20\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b57\u7b26<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528\u5404\u7c7b\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7531\u5916\u90e8\u4f20\u5165\uff0c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u4f20\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os\nimport sys\nimport shlex\n\ndomain = sys.argv[1]\n# \u66ff\u6362\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6ce8\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e3a\u7a7a\nbadchars = &quot;\\n&amp;;|&#039;\\&quot;$()`-&quot;\nfor char in badchars:\n    domain = domain.replace(char, &quot; &quot;)\n\nresult = os.system(&quot;nslookup &quot; + shlex.quote(domain))<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>1.3.3 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u7981\u6b62\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6267\u884c<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7981\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528 <code>eval<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u5904\u7406\u5b58\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>1.4 \u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n<h4>1.4.1 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u9650\u5236<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7\u767d\u540d\u5355\u5bf9\u4e0a\u4f20\u6216\u8005\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e25\u683c\u6821\u9a8c\u3002\u4ec5\u5141\u8bb8\u4e1a\u52a1\u6240\u9700\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0a\u4f20\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e0a\u4f20\u6728\u9a6c\u3001WebShell\u7b49\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os\n\nALLOWED_EXTENSIONS = [&#039;txt&#039;,&#039;jpg&#039;,&#039;png&#039;]\n\ndef allowed_file(filename):\n    if (&#039;.&#039; in filename and \n        &#039;..&#039; not in filename and \n        os.path.splitext(filename)[1].lower() in ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS):\n\n        return filename\n    return None<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>1.4.2 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u7981\u6b62\u5916\u90e8\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u4e8e\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u76ee\u5f55<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7981\u6b62\u5916\u90e8\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u4e8eWEB\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u76ee\u5f55\uff08appBase\uff09\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528 <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/library\/tempfile.html\">tempfile<\/a> \u5e93\u5904\u7406\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u4e34\u65f6\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>1.4.3 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u907f\u514d\u8def\u5f84\u7a7f\u8d8a<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u6cd5\u6821\u9a8c\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u76ee\u5f55\u7a7f\u8d8a\u6f0f\u6d1e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os\n\nupload_dir = &#039;\/tmp\/upload\/&#039; # \u9884\u671f\u7684\u4e0a\u4f20\u76ee\u5f55\nfile_name = &#039;..\/..\/etc\/hosts&#039; # \u7528\u6237\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\nabsolute_path = os.path.join(upload_dir, file_name) # \/tmp\/upload\/..\/..\/etc\/hosts\nnormalized_path = os.path.normpath(absolute_path) # \/etc\/hosts\nif not normalized_path.startswith(upload_dir): # \u68c0\u67e5\u6700\u7ec8\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u5728\u9884\u671f\u7684\u4e0a\u4f20\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\n    raise IOError()<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>1.4.4 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u7981\u7528XML\u5916\u90e8\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u7981\u7528XML\u5916\u90e8\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6765\u9884\u9632XXE\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">from lxml import etree\n\nxmlData = etree.parse(xmlSource,etree.XMLParser(resolve_entities=False))<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>1.4.5 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7981\u7528<code>yaml.unsafe_load()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316YAML\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6765\u907f\u514d\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u6f0f\u6d1e\u6267\u884c\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>1.4.6 \u3010\u5efa\u8bae\u3011\u907f\u514d\u8def\u5f84\u62fc\u63a5<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\u907f\u514d\u5916\u90e8\u53c2\u6570\u62fc\u63a5\u3002\u4fdd\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\u5efa\u8bae\u540e\u53f0\u5199\u6b7b\u5e76\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u8fdb\u884c\u6821\u9a8c\uff08\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u957f\u5ea6\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>1.4.7 \u3010\u5efa\u8bae\u3011\u6587\u4ef6\u540dhash\u5316\u5904\u7406<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5efa\u8bae\u6587\u4ef6\u4fdd\u5b58\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u968f\u673a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">import uuid\n\ndef random_filename(filename):\n    ext = os.path.splitext(filename)[1]\n    new_filename = uuid.uuid4().hex + ext\n    return new_filename<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>1.5 \u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h3>\n<h4>1.5.1 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u9650\u5b9a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4<\/h4>\n<p>\u5f53\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u6307\u5b9a\u7684<code>URL\u5730\u5740\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9<\/code>\u3001<code>\u52a0\u8f7d\u6307\u5b9a\u5730\u5740\u7684\u56fe\u7247<\/code>\u3001<code>\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u8f7d<\/code>\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9URL\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u6821\u9a8c\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8HTTP\u6216HTTPS\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u89e3\u6790\u76ee\u6807URL\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u5176host<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u89e3\u6790host\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6host\u6307\u5411\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u6210long\u578b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u68c0\u67e5IP\u5730\u5740\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u5185\u7f51IP<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u4ee5RFC\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4e13\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5982\u6709\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u79c1\u6709\u7f51\u6bb5\u4ea6\u5e94\u52a0\u5165\u7981\u6b62\u8bbf\u95ee\u5217\u8868\u3002\n10.0.0.0\/8\n172.16.0.0\/12\n192.168.0.0\/16\n127.0.0.0\/8<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>\n<p>\u8bf7\u6c42URL<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6709\u8df3\u8f6c\uff0c\u8df3\u8f6c\u540e\u6267\u884c1\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5bf9URL\u53d1\u8d77\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>1.6 \u54cd\u5e94\u8f93\u51fa<\/h3>\n<h4>1.6.1 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6b63\u786e\u7684HTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u5305\u7c7b\u578b<\/h4>\n<p>\u54cd\u5e94\u5305\u7684HTTP\u5934\u201cContent-Type\u201d\u5fc5\u987b\u6b63\u786e\u914d\u7f6e\u54cd\u5e94\u5305\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u975eHTML\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u5305\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u201ctext\/html\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1.6.2 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b89\u5168\u7684HTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u5934<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>X-Content-Type-Options<\/p>\n<p>\u6dfb\u52a0\u201cX-Content-Type-Options\u201d\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u503c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u201cnosniff \u201d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>HttpOnly<br \/>\n\u63a7\u5236\u7528\u6237\u767b\u9274\u6743\u7684Cookie\u5b57\u6bb5 \u5e94\u5f53\u8bbe\u7f6eHttpOnly\u5c5e\u6027\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u88abXSS\u6f0f\u6d1e\/JavaScript\u64cd\u7eb5\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>X-Frame-Options<\/p>\n<p>\u8bbe\u7f6eX-Frame-Options\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u5408\u7406\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5176\u5141\u8bb8\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u8be5\u5934\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u793a\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7981\u6b62\u5f53\u524d\u9875\u9762\u5728frame\u3001 iframe\u3001embed\u7b49\u6807\u7b7e\u4e2d\u5c55\u73b0\u3002\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u70b9\u51fb\u52ab\u6301\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5b83\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u503c: DENY: \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u5f53\u524d\u9875\u9762\u52a0 \u8f7d\u4efb\u4f55frame\u9875\u9762; SAMEORIGIN:\u5219frame\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5730\u5740\u53ea\u80fd\u4e3a\u540c\u6e90\u57df\u540d\u4e0b\u7684\u9875\u9762 ALLOW-FROM origin:\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a \u4e49\u5141\u8bb8frame\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u9875\u9762\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>1.6.3 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u5bf9\u5916\u8f93\u51fa\u9875\u9762\u5305\u542b\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u987b\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801\u5904\u7406<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5f53\u54cd\u5e94\u201cContent-Type\u201d\u4e3a\u201ctext\/html\u201d\u7c7b\u578b\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801\u5904\u7406<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528mozilla\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684bleach\u5e93\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u6ee4\nimport bleach\nbleach.clean(&#039;an &lt;script&gt;evil()&lt;\/script&gt; example&#039;)\n# u&#039;an &lt;script&gt;evil()&lt;\/script&gt; example&#039;<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>1.7 \u6570\u636e\u8f93\u51fa<\/h3>\n<h4>1.7.1 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5bc6\u5b58\u50a8<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528SHA2\u3001RSA\u7b49\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\u5b58\u50a8<\/li>\n<li>\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5c42\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c42\u5f00\u542f\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<\/li>\n<li>\u5305\u542b\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u7f13\u5b58\u4e00\u65e6\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u5e94\u7acb\u523b\u5220\u9664<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>1.7.2 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u884c\u8131\u654f\u5904\u7406<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\u987b\u518d\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u884c\u8131\u654f\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u63a5\u53e3\u8fd4\u56de\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u7531\u524d\u7aef\/\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u8131\u654f\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>1.7.3 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u9ad8\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\u7981\u6b62\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u5c55\u793a<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u53e3\u4ee4\u3001\u5bc6\u4fdd\u7b54\u6848\u3001\u751f\u7406\u6807\u8bc6\u7b49\u9274\u6743\u4fe1\u606f\u7981\u6b62\u5c55\u793a<\/li>\n<li>\u975e\u91d1\u878d\u7c7b\u4e1a\u52a1\uff0c\u4fe1\u7528\u5361cvv\u7801\u53ca\u65e5\u5fd7\u7981\u6b62\u5b58\u50a8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>1.7.4 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u4e2a\u4eba\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\u8131\u654f\u5c55\u793a<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\u9700\u8131\u654f\u5c55\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u548c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4f4d\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u59823<strong><strong><strong>****<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong>1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u79fb\u52a8\u7535\u8bdd\u53f7\u7801\u9690\u85cf\u4e2d\u95f46\u4f4d\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5982134<strong>**<\/strong>48\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5de5\u4f5c\u5730\u5740\/\u5bb6\u5ead\u5730\u5740\u6700\u591a\u663e\u793a\u5230\u201c\u533a\u201d\u4e00\u7ea7\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u94f6\u884c\u5361\u53f7\u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u6700\u540e4\u4f4d\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5982<strong><strong>****<\/strong><\/strong>8639<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>1.7.5 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u9690\u85cf\u540e\u53f0\u5730\u5740<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u82e5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5bf9\u5916\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u53f0\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u968f\u673a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u9690\u85cf\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u4e0d\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\nadmin_login_url = &quot;xxxx\/login&quot;<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u5b89\u5168\u793a\u4f8b\nadmin_login_url = &quot;xxxx\/ranD0Str&quot;<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>1.8 \u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n<h4>1.8.1 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9274\u6743<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9664\u975e\u8d44\u6e90\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u5bf9\u5916\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fdb\u884c\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff08\u4f7f\u7528\u767d\u540d\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u653e\u5f00\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u9875\u9762\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>1.8.2 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u6388\u6743\u9075\u5faa\u6700\u5c0f\u6743\u9650\u539f\u5219<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u5e94\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u4efb\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>1.8.3 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u907f\u514d\u8d8a\u6743\u8bbf\u95ee<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u516c\u5171\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u6821\u9a8c\u5f53\u524d\u8bbf\u95ee\u8d26\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6743\u9650\uff08\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8eCMS\uff09\u548c\u6570\u636e\u6743\u9650\u6821\u9a8c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u6001\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u4ece\u53ef\u4fe1\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6821\u9a8c\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u5982\uff1asession\uff09\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u53c2\u6570\u6216Cookie\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u5916\u90e8\u4f20\u5165\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u6821\u9a8c\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u662f\u5426\u5177\u5907\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u6743\u9650\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u6821\u9a8c\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u662f\u5426\u5177\u5907\u6240\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u6821\u9a8c\u5f53\u524d\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5426\u8d26\u6237\u662f\u5426\u9884\u671f\u8d26\u6237\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>1.8.4 \u3010\u5efa\u8bae\u3011\u53ca\u65f6\u6e05\u7406\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e94\u5b9a\u671f\u6e05\u7406\u975e\u5fc5\u9700\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>1.9 \u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n<h4>1.9.1 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u4e0d\u5411\u5bf9\u5916\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u793a<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5e94\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528<code>try\/except\/finally<\/code> \u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u51fa\u9519\u4fe1\u606f\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u524d\u7aef\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5bf9\u5916\u73af\u5883\u7981\u6b62\u5f00\u542fdebug\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u5c06\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u524d\u7aef\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>1.9.2 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u7981\u6b62\u5f02\u5e38\u629b\u51fa\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n<h3>1.10 Flask\u5b89\u5168<\/h3>\n<h4>1.10.1 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u5173\u95ed\u8c03\u8bd5\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h4>\n<h4>1.10.2 \u3010\u5efa\u8bae\u3011\u9075\u5faaFlask\u5b89\u5168\u89c4\u8303<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u53c2\u8003Flask\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879 <a href=\"https:\/\/flask.palletsprojects.com\/en\/latest\/security\/\">https:\/\/flask.palletsprojects.com\/en\/latest\/security\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>1.11 Django\u5b89\u5168<\/h3>\n<h4>1.11.1 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u5173\u95ed\u8c03\u8bd5\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h4>\n<h4>1.11.2 \u3010\u5efa\u8bae\u3011\u4fdd\u6301Django\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7279\u6027\u5f00\u542f<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u4fdd\u6301Django\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7279\u6027\u5f00\u542f <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.djangoproject.com\/en\/3.0\/topics\/security\/\">https:\/\/docs.djangoproject.com\/en\/3.0\/topics\/security\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5728\u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0b\uff0cDjango\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7279\u6027\u5bf9XSS\u3001CSRF\u3001SQL\u6ce8\u5165\u3001\u70b9\u51fb\u52ab\u6301\u7b49\u7c7b\u578b\u6f0f\u6d1e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d77\u5230\u8f83\u597d\u9632\u62a4\u6548\u679c\u3002\u5e94\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u5173\u95ed\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u901a\u7528\u7c7b I. \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0 1.1 \u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5 1.1.1 \u3010\u5fc5\u987b\u3011\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5 DES\u548c3DES\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c   \u2026 &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[150],"tags":[16],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2023"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2023"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2023\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2024,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2023\/revisions\/2024"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2023"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2023"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2023"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}