{"id":1600,"date":"2023-04-15T15:59:45","date_gmt":"2023-04-15T07:59:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/175.24.184.226\/?p=1600"},"modified":"2023-04-15T15:59:45","modified_gmt":"2023-04-15T07:59:45","slug":"06-bash%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e7%89%b9%e6%80%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/?p=1600","title":{"rendered":"06-bash\u57fa\u7840\u7279\u6027"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1.\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2<\/h2>\n<p>shell\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u5728\u5176\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u6b64\u524d\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4ea4\u8fc7\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>~]# history<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u53ef\u5b9a\u5236history\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9e\u73b0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>HISTSIZE: shell\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6761\u6570<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>HISRFILE: \u6301\u4e45\u4fdd\u5b58\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<pre><code>cat .bash_history<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>HISTFILESIZE: \u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>history [-c] [-d \u504f\u79fb\u91cf][n]<\/code>\u6216<\/li>\n<li><code>history -anrw [\u6587\u4ef6\u540d]<\/code>\u6216<\/li>\n<li><code>history -ps \u53c2\u6570[\u53c2\u6570...]<\/code><\/li>\n<li>-c: \u6e05\u7a7a\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2<\/li>\n<li>-d offset: \u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>-r:\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u81f3\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d<\/li>\n<li>-w:\u628a\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u8ffd\u52a0\u81f3\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d<\/li>\n<li>history #:\u663e\u793a\u6700\u8fd1\u7684#\u6761\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8c03\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>!#: \u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c#\u6761\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>!!:\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>!STRING:\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5STRING\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5e42\u7b49\u6027\uff1b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8c03\u7528\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5feb\u6377\u952e\uff1a<code>ESC+.<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1a!$<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u63a7\u5236\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a HISTCONTROL<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>echo $HISTCONTROL<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>ignoredups:\u5ffd\u7565\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>ignorespace:\u5ffd\u7565\u4ee5\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u8005\u540c\u65f6\u751f\u6548<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4fee\u6539\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c(\u53ea\u5bf9\u5f53\u524dshell\u6709\u6548)\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>NAME='VALUE'<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code>ubuntu@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~$ help history\nhistory: history [-c] [-d \u504f\u79fb\u91cf] [n] \u6216 history -anrw [\u6587\u4ef6\u540d] \u6216 history -ps \u53c2\u6570 [\u53c2\u6570...]\n    \u663e\u793a\u6216\u64cd\u7eb5\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u3002\n\n    \u5e26\u884c\u53f7\u663e\u793a\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u52a0\u4e0a &quot;*&quot; \u524d\u7f00\u3002\n    \u53c2\u6570 N \u4f1a\u4ec5\u5217\u51fa\u6700\u540e\u7684 N \u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u3002\n\n    \u9009\u9879\uff1a\n      -c        \u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u6761\u76ee\u4ece\u800c\u6e05\u7a7a\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\n      -d \u504f\u79fb\u91cf \u5220\u9664\u4f4d\u4e8e &lt;\u504f\u79fb\u91cf&gt; \u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u8d1f\u7684 &lt;\u504f\u79fb\u91cf&gt; \u8868\u793a\u4ece\n                \u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u672b\u5c3e\u5f00\u59cb\u5012\u6570\n\n      -a        \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\n      -n        \u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u672a\u88ab\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\n      -r        \u8bfb\u53d6\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u5c06\u5185\u5bb9\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\n      -w        \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5386\u53f2\u5199\u5165\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\n\n      -p        \u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a &lt;\u53c2\u6570&gt; \u6267\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u5c55\u5f00\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\n      -s        \u5c06 &lt;\u53c2\u6570&gt; \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e00\u6761\u76ee\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\n\n    \u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e86 &lt;\u6587\u4ef6\u540d&gt;\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5176\u7528\u4f5c\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u679c HISTFILE \u53d8\u91cf\n    \u6709\u503c\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f7f\u7528 ~\/.bash_history \u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n\n    \u5982\u679c HISTTIMEFORMAT \u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c strftime(3)\n    \u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4ee5\u6253\u5370\u6bcf\u4e2a\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u4e0d\u6253\u5370\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3002\n\n    \u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\n    \u8fd4\u56de\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>2.\u547d\u4ee4\u8865\u5168<\/h2>\n<p>shell\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6700\u5de6\u4fa7\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f53\u505a\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u627e\u673a\u5236\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u67e5\u627e\u5185\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u6839\u636epath\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u81ea\u5de6\u800c\u53f3\u9010\u4e2a\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<code>echo $PATH<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6253\u5934\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u67d0\u547d\u4ee4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8865\u5168\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\uff1a\u518d\u51fb\u4e00\u6b21tab\u952e\uff0c\u4f1a\u7ed9\u51fa\u5217\u8868\uff1b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u8def\u5f84\u8865\u5168\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u8def\u5f84\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5e94\u8def\u5f84\u4e0b\u7684\u6253\u5934\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6765\u6ce8\u610f\u5339\u914d\u8def\u5f84\u4e0b\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u552f\u4e00\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8865\u5168\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u518d\u4e00\u6b21tab\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u5217\u8868\uff1b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>3.\u76ee\u5f55\u7ba1\u7406\u7c7b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>mkdir: make directory\n<ul>\n<li>\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/li>\n<li>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u8def\u5f84\u57fa\u540d\u65b9\u4e3a\u4f5c\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u57fa\u540d\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5fc5\u987b\u5f97\u5b58\u5728<\/li>\n<li><code>-p\/-pv<\/code>\u6309\u9700\u521b\u5efa\u57fa\u540d,\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li><code>-m<\/code>\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<li><img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20230308163458997.png\" alt=\"image-20230308163458997\" \/> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>rmdir\uff1aremove empty directories\n<ul>\n<li>\u5220\u9664\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55\uff08\u7528\u7684\u4e0d\u591a\uff09<\/li>\n<li><code>-p<\/code>\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u67d0\u76ee\u5f55\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5176\u7236\u6bcd\u7c7b\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4e00\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u4e4b<\/li>\n<li><code>-v<\/code>:\u663e\u793a\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4.\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5c55\u5f00<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><code>~<\/code>: \u81ea\u52a8\u5c55\u5f00\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u6216\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b<\/li>\n<li><code>{}<\/code>: \u53ef\u627f\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u5176\u5c55\u5f00\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\uff1b\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a <code>\/tmp\/{a,b}<\/code> \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e <code>\/tmp\/a<\/code>,<code> \/tmp\/b<\/code><\/li>\n<li><img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20230308164737284.png\" alt=\"image-20230308164737284\" \/> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>5.\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u7ed3\u679c<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>bash\u901a\u8fc7\u72b6\u6001\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u6765\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/li>\n<li>\u6210\u529f\uff1a 0<\/li>\n<li>\u5931\u8d25\uff1a 1~255<\/li>\n<li>\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e8ebash\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u53d8\u91cf<code>$?<\/code>\u4e2d<\/li>\n<li><img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20230308165914834.png\" alt=\"image-20230308165914834\" \/> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u6b63\u5e38\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u70b9\u8fd8\u8fd4\u56de\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1b<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6839\u636e\u547d\u4ee4\u53ca\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><code>$(COMMAND)<\/code>\u6216<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<pre><code><code>COMMAND<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20230308170654959.png\" alt=\"image-20230308170654959\" \/> <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>6.bash\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u5f15\u7528<\/h2>\n<p>\u5f3a\u5f15\u7528\uff1a ''<\/p>\n<p>\u5f31\u5f15\u7528\uff1a&quot;&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u5f15\u7528\uff1a ``<\/p>\n<h2>7.bash\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u5feb\u6377\u952e<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Ctrl+a \u8df3\u8f6c\u81f3\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9996(\u7c7b\u4f3cHome\u952e)<\/li>\n<li>Ctrl+e \u8df3\u8f6c\u81f3\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9996(\u7c7b\u4f3cEnd\u952e)<\/li>\n<li>Ctrl+u:\u5220\u9664\u884c\u9996\u81f3\u5149\u6807\u6240\u5728\u5904\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26<\/li>\n<li>Ctrl+k:\u5220\u9664\u5149\u6807\u6240\u5728\u5904\u81f3\u884c\u5c3e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26<\/li>\n<li>Ctrl+l: \u6e05\u5c4f \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eclear<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>8.\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u67e5\u770b\u7c7b\u547d\u4ee4<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>cat, tac, head, tail, more, less<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5206\u5c4f\u67e5\u770b\u547d\u4ee4 more\u548cless<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>more FILE<\/li>\n<li>\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u7ffb\u5c4f\u81f3\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u9000\u51fa<\/li>\n<li>less FILE<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>head -n # FILE<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u524d#\u884c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>tail  -n # FILE<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540e#\u884c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>tail  -f # FILE<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3e\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u4e0d\u9000\u51fa\uff0c\u8ddf\u968f\u663e\u793a\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u884c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>stat\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>stat FILE<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u4e24\u7c7b\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6e90\u6570\u636e\uff1ametadata<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6570\u636e\uff1adata<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code>ubuntu@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~\/workspace\/VisaLogin$ stat README.md\n  \u6587\u4ef6\uff1aREADME.md\n  \u5927\u5c0f\uff1a1329            \u5757\uff1a8          IO \u5757\u5927\u5c0f\uff1a4096   \u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\n\u8bbe\u5907\uff1afc02h\/64514d      Inode\uff1a657972      \u786c\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a1\n\u6743\u9650\uff1a(0644\/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: ( 1000\/  ubuntu)   Gid: ( 1000\/  ubuntu)\n\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2023-01-28 20:54:18.417136318 +0800\n\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2022-12-08 18:46:56.000000000 +0800\n\u53d8\u66f4\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2023-01-28 20:54:18.357136036 +0800\n\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2023-01-12 00:37:59.029048900 +0800<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>touch\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>touch \u66f4\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u95f4\u6233<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>touch [OPTION]... FILE...<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>-c: \u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u4e0d\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84(\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u7684)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>-a:\u4ec5\u4fee\u6539\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>-m\uff1a\u4ec5\u4fee\u6539\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>-t: \u66f4\u6539\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u30102002-12-01 03:03:03 --&gt; 0212010303.03\u3011<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">[lemon@VM-4-10-centos VisaLogin]$ touch -m -t 0212010303.03 README.md\n[lemon@VM-4-10-centos VisaLogin]$ stat README.md\n\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\"README.md\"\n\u5927\u5c0f\uff1a1329            \u5757\uff1a8          IO \u5757\uff1a4096   \u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\n\u8bbe\u5907\uff1afd01h\/64769d      Inode\uff1a1193578     \u786c\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a1\n\u6743\u9650\uff1a(0664\/-rw-rw-r--)  Uid\uff1a( 1003\/   lemon)   Gid\uff1a( 1003\/   lemon)\n\u73af\u5883\uff1asystem_u:object_r:unlabeled_t:s0\n\u6700\u8fd1\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a2022-12-15 14:26:57.115707201 +0800\n\u6700\u8fd1\u66f4\u6539\uff1a2002-12-01 03:03:03.000000000 +0800\n\u6700\u8fd1\u6539\u52a8\uff1a2023-03-10 16:23:12.691044194 +0800\n\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a-<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>9.\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff1acp, mv, rm<\/h2>\n<h3>cp\u547d\u4ee4 copy<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5355\u6e90\u590d\u5236\uff1a cp [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST<\/li>\n<li>\u591a\u6e90\u590d\u5236\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY<\/li>\n<li>cp [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5355\u6e90\u590d\u5236\uff1acp [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679cDEST\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u5b9e\u73b0\u521b\u5efa\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u590d\u5236\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u81f3DEST\u4e2d<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679cDEST\u5b58\u5728\uff1a<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679cDEST\u662f\u975e\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u8986\u76d6\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679cDEST\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u5219\u5148\u5728DEST\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u540c\u540d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u590d\u5236\u5176\u6570\u636e\u6d41\uff1b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u591a\u6e90\u590d\u5236\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY<\/li>\n<li>cp  [OPTION]... -t  DIRECTORY SOURCE...<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679cDEST\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u9519\u8bef<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679cDEST\u5b58\u5728\uff1a<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679cDEST\u662f\u975e\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9519\u8bef<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679cDEST\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u5206\u522b\u590d\u5236\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u81f3\u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u540d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>-i: \u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u5373\u8986\u76d6\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u9192\u7528\u6237\u786e\u8ba4\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>-f:\u5f3a\u5236\u8986\u76d6\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>-r, -R\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u590d\u5236\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>-d:\u590d\u5236\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6307\u5411\u7684\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>-a: -dr  --preserve=all, archive,\u7528\u6237\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f52\u6863<\/li>\n<li>--preserve==<\/li>\n<li>mode\uff1a\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<li>ownership:\u5c5e\u4e3b\u548c\u5c5e\u7ec4<\/li>\n<li>timestamps:\u65f6\u95f4\u6233<\/li>\n<li>context\uff1a\u5b89\u5168\u6807\u7b7e<\/li>\n<li>xattr:\u6269\u5c55\u5c5e\u6027<\/li>\n<li>links:\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5<\/li>\n<li>all: \u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>mv\u547d\u4ee4\uff1amove<\/h3>\n<p>mv [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST<\/p>\n<p>mv [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY<\/p>\n<p>mv [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>-i:\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f<\/li>\n<li>-f:force<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>rm\u547d\u4ee4\uff1aremove<\/h3>\n<p>rm [OPTION]... FILE...<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-i:interactive<\/li>\n<li>-f:force<\/li>\n<li>-r:recursive<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u7528\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5efa\u8bae\u4e0d\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e13\u4e1a\u76ee\u5f55\uff08\u56de\u6536\u7ad9\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>10.\u53d8\u91cf<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u547d\u540d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4<\/strong>\uff1a\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f53\u4e2d\u5feb\u6377\u7684\u53bb\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u6bb5\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u673a\u5236<\/p>\n<p>\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b57\u7b26\u578b<\/li>\n<li>\u6570\u503c\u578b\n<ul>\n<li>\u7cbe\u786e\u6570\u503c\uff1a<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd1\u4f3c\u6570\u503c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5b58\u50a8\u683c\u5f0f\u3001\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7b97<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11.globbing<\/h2>\n<p>\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u901a\u914d(\u6574\u4f53\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u90e8\u5206)<\/p>\n<p>\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u5143\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>*<\/code>: \u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\n<ul>\n<li><code>pa*<\/code>,<code>*pa*<\/code>,<code>*pa<\/code>,<code>*p*a*<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code>?<\/code>: \u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\n<ul>\n<li><code>pa?<\/code>,<code>??pa<\/code>,<code>p?a<\/code>,<code>p?a?<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code>[]<\/code>: \u5339\u914d\u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\n<ul>\n<li>\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/li>\n<li>[a-z], [A-Z],[0-9],[a-z0-9]<\/li>\n<li>[abcxyz] \u53d6\u5176\u4e00<\/li>\n<li>[[:upper:]] \u6240\u6709\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd<\/li>\n<li>[[:lower:]] \u6240\u6709\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd<\/li>\n<li>[[:alpha:]] \u6240\u6709\u5b57\u6bcd<\/li>\n<li>[[:digit:]] \u6240\u6709\u6570\u5b57<\/li>\n<li>[[:space:]] \u6240\u6709\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u6bcd<\/li>\n<li>[[:punct:]] \u6240\u6709\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code>[^]<\/code>: \u5339\u914d\u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5916\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\n<ul>\n<li>\u5339\u914d\u975e\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\uff1a<code>[^[:upper:]]<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u5339\u914d\u975e\u6570\u5b57\uff1a<code>[^0-9]<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7ec3\u4e601\uff1a\u663e\u793a\/var\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u4ee51\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u4e14\u4e2d\u95f4\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4f4d\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">[root@VM-4-10-centos ~]# touch \/var\/1asxsasdxas\n[root@VM-4-10-centos ~]#  ll \/var\/1*?*[[:lower:]]\n-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 4\u6708  11 19:52 \/var\/1asxsasdxas\n[root@VM-4-10-centos ~]# ll \/var\/1?[[:lower:]]\nls: \u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\/var\/1?[[:lower:]]: \u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\n[root@VM-4-10-centos ~]#<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7ec3\u4e602\uff1a\u663e\u793a\/etc\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6570\u5b57\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u4e14\u4ee5\u975e\u6570\u5b57\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">[root@VM-4-10-centos ~]# ll \/etc\/[0-9]*[^[:digit:]]\n-rw-r--r--. 1 root  root     0 4\u6708  11 20:07 \/etc\/1233d\n-rw-r--r--. 1 root  root     0 4\u6708  11 20:07 \/etc\/1233f\n-rw-r-----. 1 redis root 46724 11\u6708 17 01:00 \/etc\/6370.conf\n\n# ls -d \/etc\/[0-9]*[^0-9]<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7ec3\u4e603\uff1a\u663e\u793a\/etc\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u975e\u5b57\u6bcd\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">[root@VM-4-10-centos ~]# ll \/etc\/[^[:alpha:]][[:alpha:]]*\n-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 4\u6708  11 20:07 \/etc\/1w3\n\n# ls -d \/etc\/[^a-z][a-z]*<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7ec3\u4e604\uff1a\u590d\u5236\/etc\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4ee5m\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u4ee5\u975e\u6570\u5b57\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u503c\/tmp\/magedu.com\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff1b<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">mkdir \/tmp\/magedu.com\ncp -r \/etc\/m*[^0-9] \/tmp\/magedu.com<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7ec3\u4e605\uff1a\u590d\u5236\/usr\/share\/man\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4ee5man\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u540e\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u81f3\/tmp\/man\/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff1b<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">[lemon@VM-4-10-centos ~]$ ls -d \/usr\/share\/man\/man[0-9]\n\/usr\/share\/man\/man1  \/usr\/share\/man\/man3  \/usr\/share\/man\/man5  \/usr\/share\/man\/man7  \/usr\/share\/man\/man9\n\/usr\/share\/man\/man2  \/usr\/share\/man\/man4  \/usr\/share\/man\/man6  \/usr\/share\/man\/man8\n[lemon@VM-4-10-centos ~]$ mkdir \/tmp\/man\/\n[lemon@VM-4-10-centos ~]$ cp -r \/usr\/share\/man\/man[0-9] \/tmp\/man\/\n[lemon@VM-4-10-centos ~]$ ls \/tmp\/man\/\nman1  man2  man3  man4  man5  man6  man7  man8  man9\n[lemon@VM-4-10-centos ~]$ du -sh \/tmp\/man\n55M     \/tmp\/man<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7ec3\u4e606\uff1a\u590d\u5236\/etc\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4ee5.conf\u7ed3\u5c3e\u4e14\u4ee5m,n,r,p\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u503c\/tmp\/conf.d\/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff1b<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">mkdir \/tmp\/conf.d\nls -d \/etc\/[mnrp]*.conf\ncp -r \/etc\/[mnrp]*.conf \/tmp\/conf.d<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>12. IO\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u53ca\u7ba1\u9053<\/h2>\n<p>\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1a\u6307\u4ee4+\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<p>\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1aIO<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u952e\u76d8\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u7f51\u5361\u7b49<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u663e\u793a\u5668\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u7f51\u5361\u7b49<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6d41\uff1a &lt;-- \u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165(stdin), \u952e\u76d8\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6d41\uff1a --&gt; \u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa(stdout),\u663e\u793a\u5668\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41\uff1a --&gt; \u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa(stderr), \u663e\u793a\u5668\uff1b <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>fd: file descriptor,\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff1a 0<\/li>\n<li>\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a 1<\/li>\n<li>\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a 2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>IO\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/h3>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff1a<code>&gt;<\/code><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u8986\u76d6\u8f93\u51fa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff1a<code>&gt;&gt;<\/code><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u8ffd\u52a0\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0d\u8986\u76d6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>SET -C\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7981\u6b62\u8986\u76d6\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u81f3\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u67aa\u652f\u8986\u76d6\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<code>&gt;|<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u4ec5\u5bf9\u5f53\u524dshell\u6709\u6548<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>SET +C\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5173\u95ed\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7279\u6027<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/p>\n<p>\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff1a<code>2&gt;<\/code>\uff0c<code>2&gt;&gt;<\/code><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5408\u5e76\u6b63\u5e38\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><code>&amp;&gt;<\/code>,<code>&amp;&gt;&gt;<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>COMMAND &gt; \/path\/to\/somefile 2&gt;&amp;1<\/p>\n<p>COMMAND &gt;&gt; \/path\/to\/somefile 2&gt;&amp;1<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u7279\u6b8a\u8bbe\u5907\uff1a \/dev\/null,\u6570\u636e\u9ed1\u6d1e\uff0c\u5047\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fdb\u53bb\u5c31\u6ca1\u4e86<\/p>\n<h3>\u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<code>&lt;<\/code><\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">[rhino@rhino010 lxc]$ cat\nni\nni\nshi\nshi\nsha\nsha\nbi\nbi\n^C\n[rhino@rhino010 lxc]$ cat &lt; t.py\nimport os\nfrom os.path import dirname, abspath\n\npath = dirname(abspath(__file__)) + os.sep + &#039;js&#039; + os.sep\nprint(path)<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>tr\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>tr [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u628a\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u5728SET1\u5b9a\u4e49\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u901a\u5bf9\u4f4d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aSET2\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7528\u6cd51\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>tr SET1 SET2 &lt; \/PATH\/FROM\/SOMEFILE<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7528\u6cd52\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>tr -d SET1 \/PATH\/FROM\/SOMEFILE<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20230412172109981.png\" alt=\"image-20230412172109981\" \/> <\/p>\n<p><strong>Here Document<\/strong>L : <code>&lt;&lt;<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u5c06EOF\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u7ed3\u675f\u7b26<\/p>\n<p>cat &lt;&lt; EOF<\/p>\n<p>cat &gt; \/path\/to\/somefile &lt;&lt; EOF<\/p>\n<h3>\u7ba1\u9053<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u8fde\u63a5\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c06\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9a\u5411\u7ed9\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f53\u4f5c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6d41<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">COMMAND1 | COMMAND2 | COMMAND3 | ...<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>tee \u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>tee\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u8bfb\u53d6\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c06\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u64cd\u4f5c\u547d\u4ee4\u65e2\u663e\u793a\u5230\u5c4f\u5e55\u53c8\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u6863\uff0ctee\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e0d\u4e8c\u9009\u62e9\uff1b\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e8c\u662f\u91cd\u590d\u5c55\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e09\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u540c\u65f6\u590d\u5236\u591a\u4efd\u3002\u5f53\u7136tee\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u7ec4\u5408\u8fbe\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>COMMAND  | tee \/path\/to\/somefile<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">[lemon@VM-4-10-centos ~]$ cat \/etc\/issue\n\\S\nKernel \\r on an \\m\n\n[lemon@VM-4-10-centos ~]$ cat \/etc\/issue | tr &#039;a-z&#039; &#039;A-Z&#039;\n\\S\nKERNEL \\R ON AN \\M\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7ec3\u4e601\uff1a\u628aetc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u524d\u516d\u884c\u4fe1\u606f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u7b26\u540e\u8f93\u51fa<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">[lemon@VM-4-10-centos ~]$ tail -n 6 \/etc\/passwd | tr &#039;a-z&#039; &#039;A-Z&#039;\nMYSQL:X:1001:1001::\/HOME\/MYSQL:\/SBIN\/NOLOGIN\nLIGHTHOUSE:X:1002:1002::\/HOME\/LIGHTHOUSE:\/BIN\/BASH\nLEMON:X:1003:1003::\/HOME\/LEMON:\/BIN\/BASH\nTSS:X:59:59:ACCOUNT USED BY THE TROUSERS PACKAGE TO SANDBOX THE TCSD DAEMON:\/DEV\/NULL:\/SBIN\/NOLOGIN\nREDIS:X:995:990:REDIS DATABASE SERVER:\/VAR\/LIB\/REDIS:\/SBIN\/NOLOGIN\nX:X:1004:1004::\/HOME\/X:\/BIN\/BASH\n\n# head -n 6 \/etc\/passwd | tr &#039;a-z&#039; &#039;A-Z&#039;<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1.\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2 shell\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u5728\u5176\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u6b64\u524d\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4ea4\u8fc7\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7684\u547d\u4ee4 ~]# history \u53ef\u5b9a\u5236history\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u73af\u5883\u53d8   \u2026 &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[131],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1600"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1600"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1600\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1601,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1600\/revisions\/1601"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1600"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1600"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1600"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}