{"id":1598,"date":"2023-04-15T15:59:08","date_gmt":"2023-04-15T07:59:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/175.24.184.226\/?p=1598"},"modified":"2023-05-30T16:51:22","modified_gmt":"2023-05-30T08:51:22","slug":"05-linux%e6%a0%b9%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/?p=1598","title":{"rendered":"05-Linux\u6839\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>GUN\u7684\u6807\u51c6C\u5e93\uff1aglibc<\/h2>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/image-20230228110515648.png\" alt=\"image-20230228110515648\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7f16\u8bd1\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u52a8\u6001\u7f16\u8bd1<\/li>\n<li>\u9759\u6001\u7f16\u8bd1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u7ec8\u7aef\uff1a\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5173\u8054\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u63a5\u53e3<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e0e\u7ec8\u7aef\u76f8\u5173\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec8\u7aef\u542f\u52a8<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e0e\u7ec8\u7aef\u65e0\u5173\uff1a\u64cd\u4f5c\u5f15\u5bfc\u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f53\u4e2d\u81ea\u52a8\u542f\u52a8<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ec4\u6210<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9759\u6001\uff1aKernel, application<\/li>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u67e5\u627e\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u65e6\u767b\u5f55\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5c31\u5904\u5728\u67d0\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d<\/li>\n<li>linux\u548cwindows\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u5904\u5728\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>FHS(Filesystem Hierarchy Standard)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u6807\u51c6<\/li>\n<li>\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Filesystem Hierarchy Standard\uff08\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u6b21\u5316\u6807\u51c6\uff09\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u591a\u6570<a href=\"https:\/\/baike.baidu.com\/item\/Linux\u7248\u672c\/3345274?fromModule=lemma_inlink\">Linux\u7248\u672c<\/a>\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eWindows\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2dc\u76d8\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0cFHS\u91c7\u7528\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6587\u4ef6\u3002FHS\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u7684\u7528\u9014\u3001\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u6784\u6210\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4f8b\u5916\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u77db\u76fe\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>FHS\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e24\u5c42\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u662f\uff0c \/ \u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5e94\u8be5\u8981\u653e\u4ec0\u4e48\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\/etc\u5e94\u8be5\u8981\u653e\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\/bin\u4e0e\/sbin\u5219\u5e94\u8be5\u8981\u653e\u7f6e\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a<a href=\"https:\/\/baike.baidu.com\/item\/Linux?fromModule=lemma_inlink\">Linux<\/a>\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5b9e\u5728\u592a\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c06\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u5f88\u591a\u7ba1\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f60\u80fd\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u4f60\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u7684Linux\u76ee\u5f55\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7adf\u7136\u8ddf\u4f60\u4ee5\u524d\u5b66\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u5417\uff1f\u5f88\u96be\u60f3\u8c61\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5c31\u6709\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u6b21\u6807\u51c6(Filesystem Hierarchy <a href=\"https:\/\/baike.baidu.com\/item\/Standard?fromModule=lemma_inlink\">Standard<\/a>\uff0cFHS)\u51fa\u53f0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u5219\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\/usr\u53ca\/var\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\/var\/log\u653e\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7edf\u767b\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\/usr\/share\u653e\u7f6e\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/lemon-guess.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/img\/watermark,image_d2F0ZXIvYmFpa2U4MA==,g_7,xp_5,yp_5.jpeg\" alt=\"img\" \/> <\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>FHS\u4f9d\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u9891\u7e41\u4e0e\u5426\u4e0e\u662f\u5426\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u968f\u610f\u66f4\u52a8, \u800c\u5c06\u76ee\u5f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u6210\u4e3a\u56db\u79cd\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5f62\u6001,\u7528\u8868\u683c\u6765\u8bf4\u6709\u70b9\u50cf\u5e95\u4e0b\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>\u53ef\u5206\u4eab\u7684(shareable)<\/th>\n<th>\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u4eab\u7684(unshareable)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684(static)<\/td>\n<td>\/usr (\u8f6f\u4ef6\u653e\u7f6e\u5904)<\/td>\n<td>\/etc (\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\/opt (\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u534f\u529b\u8f6f\u4ef6)<\/td>\n<td>\/boot (\u5f00\u673a\u4e0e\u6838\u5fc3\u6863)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u53ef\u53d8\u52a8\u7684(variable)<\/td>\n<td>\/var\/mail (\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u90ae\u4ef6\u4fe1\u7bb1)<\/td>\n<td>\/var\/run (\u7a0b\u5e8f\u76f8\u5173)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\/var\/spool\/news (\u65b0\u95fb\u7ec4)<\/td>\n<td>\/var\/lock (\u7a0b\u5e8f\u76f8\u5173)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li>\u53ef\u5206\u4eab\u7684\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4eab\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6302\u8f7d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u76ee\u5f55,\u6240\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u90ae\u4ef6\u7b49\u6570\u636e, \u662f\u80fd\u591f\u5206\u4eab\u7ed9\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u673a\u6302\u8f7d\u7528\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u4eab\u7684\uff1a\u81ea\u5df1\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u9762\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6709\u5173\u7684socket\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49, \u7531\u4e8e\u4ec5\u4e0e\u81ea\u8eab\u673a\u5668\u6709\u5173,\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u7136\u5c31\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5206\u4eab\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u673a\u4e86.<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff1a\u6709\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d8\u52a8\u7684,\u8ddf\u968f\u7740distribution\u800c\u4e0d\u53d8\u52a8. \u4f8b\u5982\u51fd\u5f0f\u5e93\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u8bf4\u660e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6240\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u670d\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u7b49\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u53d8\u52a8\u7684\uff1a\u7ecf\u5e38\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u6570\u636e,\u4f8b\u5982\u767b\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u81ea\u884c\u6536\u53d7\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u7ec4\u7b49.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a,FHS\u9488\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u67b6\u6784\u4ec5\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fa\u4e09\u5c42\u76ee\u5f55\u5e95\u4e0b\u5e94\u8be5\u653e\u7f6e\u4ec0\u4e48\u6570\u636e\u800c\u5df2,\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5e95\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\/ (root, \u6839\u76ee\u5f55)\uff1a\u4e0e\u5f00\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u5173\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\/usr (unix software resource)\uff1a\u4e0e\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b89\u88c5\/\u6267\u884c\u6709\u5173\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\/var (variable)\uff1a\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u5173.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u6839\u76ee\u5f55 (\/) \u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0e\u5185\u5bb9:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6982\u8981:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u6240\u6709\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u6765\u7684(\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55)<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0e\u5f00\u673a\/\u8fd8\u539f\/\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fee\u590d\u7b49\u52a8\u4f5c\u6709\u5173. (\u7531\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u673a\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5f00\u673a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5f00\u673a\u6240\u9700\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001 \u51fd\u5f0f\u5e93\u7b49\u7b49\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e,\u82e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u65f6,\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5305\u542b\u6709\u80fd\u591f\u4fee\u590d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u624d\u884c)<\/li>\n<li>FHS\u6807\u51c6\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a<strong>\u6839\u76ee\u5f55(\/)\u6240\u5728\u5206\u5272\u69fd\u5e94\u8be5\u8d8a\u5c0f\u8d8a\u597d, \u4e14\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6700\u597d\u4e0d\u8981\u4e0e\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u653e\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5272\u69fd\u5185,\u4fdd\u6301\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u8d8a\u5c0f\u8d8a\u597d<\/strong>.(\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d8a\u5927\u7684\u5206\u5272\u69fd\u59b3\u4f1a\u653e\u5165\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u6570\u636e,\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u6765\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u5728\u5206\u5272\u69fd\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u8f83\u591a\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u673a\u4f1a,\u5982\u6b64\u4e0d\u4f46\u6548\u80fd\u8f83\u4f73,\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u8f83\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u751f\u95ee\u9898.)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><strong>\u6839\u76ee\u5f55(\/)\u5e95\u4e0b\u76ee\u5f55FHS\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8bf4\u660e<\/strong><\/h3>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\" bgcolor=\"lightyellow\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver; word-break: break-word; width: 728px;\">\n<tbody style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<tr align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#182448\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td width=\"80\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\u5e94\u653e\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\/bin<\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u653e\u7f6e\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55,\u4f46\/bin\u6bd4\u8f83\u7279\u6b8a.\u56e0\u4e3a\/bin\u653e\u7f6e\u7684\u662f\u5728\u5355\u4eba\u7ef4\u62a4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4.&nbsp;\u5728\/bin\u5e95\u4e0b\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u88abroot\u4e0e\u4e00\u822c\u8d26\u53f7\u6240\u4f7f\u7528,\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\uff1acat, chmod, chown, date, mv, mkdir, cp, bash\u7b49\u7b49\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6307\u4ee4.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\/boot<\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u653e\u7f6e\u5f00\u673a\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u7684\u6587\u4ef6,\u5305\u62ecLinux\u6838\u5fc3\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f00\u673a\u9009\u5355\u4e0e\u5f00\u673a\u6240\u9700\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u7b49.&nbsp;Linux kernel\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6863\u540d\u4e3a\uff1avmlinuz,\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662fgrub\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f00\u673a\u7ba1\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f, \u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\/boot\/grub\/\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5594\uff01<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\/dev<\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a,\u4efb\u4f55\u88c5\u7f6e\u4e0e\u63a5\u53e3\u8bbe\u5907\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u578b\u6001\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684. \u4f60\u53ea\u8981\u900f\u8fc7\u5b58\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5e95\u4e0b\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6,\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u5b58\u53d6\u67d0\u4e2a\u88c5\u7f6e\u5570\uff5e \u6bd4\u8981\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\/dev\/null, \/dev\/zero, \/dev\/tty, \/dev\/lp*, \/dev\/hd*, \/dev\/sd*\u7b49\u7b49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\/etc<\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5185,\u4f8b\u5982\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\u5bc6\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u3001 \u5404\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u542f\u59cb\u6863\u7b49\u7b49.\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4,\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u5404\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u67e5\u9605\u7684, \u4f46\u662f\u53ea\u6709root\u6709\u6743\u529b\u4fee\u6539.FHS\u5efa\u8bae\u4e0d\u8981\u653e\u7f6e\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6(binary)\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5594.\u6bd4\u8f83\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\uff1a&nbsp;\/etc\/inittab, \/etc\/init.d\/, \/etc\/modprobe.conf, \/etc\/X11\/, \/etc\/fstab, \/etc\/sysconfig\/&nbsp;\u7b49\u7b49.\u53e6\u5916,\u5176\u4e0b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 0px 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-all;\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; list-style: disc;\">\/etc\/init.d\/\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\u542f\u52a8 script \u90fd\u662f\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684,\u4f8b\u5982\u8981\u542f\u52a8\u6216\u8005\u5173\u95ed iptables \u7684\u8bdd\uff1a\u300e \/etc\/init.d\/iptables start\u300f\u3001\u300e\/etc\/init.d\/iptables stop\u300f<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; list-style: disc;\">\/etc\/xinetd.d\/\uff1a\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684super daemon\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5404\u9879\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; list-style: disc;\">\/etc\/X11\/\uff1a\u4e0e X Window \u6709\u5173\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc,\u5c24\u5176\u662f xorg.conf \u8fd9\u4e2a X Server \u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\/home<\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\u8fd9\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55(home directory).\u5728\u4f60\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8d26\u53f7\u65f6, \u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u6765.\u6bd4\u8f83\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f,\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u4ee3\u53f7\u5594\uff1a<br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">~\uff1a\u4ee3\u8868\u76ee\u524d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55,\u800c&nbsp;<br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">~dmtsai&nbsp;\uff1a\u5219\u4ee3\u8868 dmtsai \u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff01<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\/lib<\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u51fd\u5f0f\u5e93\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u591a,\u800c\/lib\u653e\u7f6e\u7684\u5219\u662f\u5728\u5f00\u673a\u65f6\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u7684\u51fd\u5f0f\u5e93, \u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\/bin\u6216\/sbin\u5e95\u4e0b\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u4f1a\u547c\u53eb\u7684\u51fd\u5f0f\u5e93\u800c\u5df2. \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u51fd\u5f0f\u5e93\u5462\uff1f\u59b3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4ed6\u60f3\u6210\u662f\u300e\u5916\u6302\u300f,\u67d0\u4e9b\u6307\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u300e\u5916\u6302\u300f\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u987a\u5229\u5b8c\u6210\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u610f. \u5c24\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\/lib\/modules\/\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55, \u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4f1a\u653e\u7f6e\u6838\u5fc3\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6a21\u5757(\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f)\u5594\uff01<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\/media<\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">media\u662f\u300e\u5a92\u4f53\u300f\u7684\u82f1\u6587,\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49,\u8fd9\u4e2a\/media\u5e95\u4e0b\u653e\u7f6e\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u79fb\u9664\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\u5566\uff01&nbsp;\u5305\u62ec\u8f6f\u76d8\u3001\u5149\u76d8\u3001DVD\u7b49\u7b49\u88c5\u7f6e\u90fd\u6682\u65f6\u6302\u8f7d\u4e8e\u6b64.\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6863\u540d\u6709\uff1a\/media\/floppy, \/media\/cdrom\u7b49\u7b49.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\/mnt<\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\u5982\u679c\u59b3\u60f3\u8981\u6682\u65f6\u6302\u8f7d\u67d0\u4e9b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e,\u4e00\u822c\u5efa\u8bae\u59b3\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d. \u5728\u53e4\u65e9\u65f6\u5019,\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u9014\u4e0e\/media\u76f8\u540c\u5566\uff01\u53ea\u662f\u6709\u4e86\/media\u4e4b\u540e,\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5c31\u7528\u6765\u6682\u65f6\u6302\u8f7d\u7528\u4e86.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\/opt<\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u7ed9\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u534f\u529b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u653e\u7f6e\u7684\u76ee\u5f55.\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u534f\u529b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u554a\uff1f \u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4,KDE\u8fd9\u4e2a\u684c\u9762\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8ba1\u5212,\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u88c5\u5230Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d,\u56e0\u6b64KDE\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5c31\u5efa\u8bae\u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u6b64\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u4e86. \u53e6\u5916,\u5982\u679c\u59b3\u60f3\u8981\u81ea\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6(\u975e\u539f\u672c\u7684distribution\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684),\u90a3\u4e48\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u4f60\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b89\u88c5\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u6765. \u4e0d\u8fc7,\u4ee5\u524d\u7684Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d,\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u4e60\u60ef\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\/usr\/local\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5462\uff01<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\/root<\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458(root)\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55.\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc,\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u8fdb\u5165\u5355\u4eba\u7ef4\u62a4\u6a21\u5f0f\u800c\u4ec5\u6302\u8f7d\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6, \u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u62e5\u6709root\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55,\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5e0c\u671broot\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0e\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5272\u69fd\u4e2d.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\/sbin<\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">Linux\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u6307\u4ee4\u662f\u7528\u6765\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u7684,\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u4ee4\u53ea\u6709root\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u5229\u7528\u6765\u300e\u8bbe\u5b9a\u300f\u7cfb\u7edf,\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u6765\u300e\u67e5\u8be2\u300f\u800c\u5df2.&nbsp;\u653e\u5728\/sbin\u5e95\u4e0b\u7684\u4e3a\u5f00\u673a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684,\u91cc\u9762\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5f00\u673a\u3001\u4fee\u590d\u3001\u8fd8\u539f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6307\u4ee4.&nbsp;\u81f3\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7a0b\u5e8f,\u4e00\u822c\u5219\u653e\u7f6e\u5230\/usr\/sbin\/\u5f53\u4e2d.\u81f3\u4e8e\u672c\u673a\u81ea\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6(system binary), \u5219\u653e\u7f6e\u5230\/usr\/local\/sbin\/\u5f53\u4e2d\u4e86.\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5305\u62ec\uff1afdisk, fsck, ifconfig, init, mkfs\u7b49\u7b49.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\/srv<\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">srv\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u300eservice\u300f\u7684\u7f29\u5199,\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u4e4b\u540e,\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u6240\u9700\u8981\u53d6\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55. \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u4f8b\u5982WWW, FTP\u7b49\u7b49.\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4,WWW\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\/srv\/www\/\u91cc\u9762.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\/tmp<\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\u8fd9\u662f\u8ba9\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6216\u8005\u662f\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6682\u65f6\u653e\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5730\u65b9. \u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u5b58\u53d6\u7684,\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u671f\u7684\u6e05\u7406\u4e00\u4e0b.\u5f53\u7136,\u91cd\u8981\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u53ef\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u6b64\u76ee\u5f55\u554a\uff01 \u56e0\u4e3aFHS\u751a\u81f3\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u5f00\u673a\u65f6,\u5e94\u8be5\u8981\u5c06\/tmp\u4e0b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5220\u9664\u5537\uff01<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px;\">\u9664\u4e0a FHS \u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u8bf4\u660e\u5916, \u5e95\u4e0b\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u5728Linux\u5f53\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\" bgcolor=\"lightyellow\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver; word-break: break-word; width: 728px;\">\n<tbody style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<tr align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#182448\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td width=\"80\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\u5e94\u653e\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\/lost+found<\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u7684ext2\/ext3\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u683c\u5f0f\u624d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55,\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u5f53\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u65f6, \u5c06\u4e00\u4e9b\u9057\u5931\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5728\u5206\u5272\u69fd\u7684\u6700\u9876\u5c42\u5b58\u5728, \u4f8b\u5982\u4f60\u52a0\u88c5\u4e00\u9897\u786c\u76d8\u4e8e\/disk\u4e2d,\u90a3\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u300e\/disk\/lost+found\u300f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\/proc<\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u300e\u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf(virtual filesystem)\u300f\u5594\uff01\u4ed6\u653e\u7f6e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u5f53\u4e2d, \u4f8b\u5982\u7cfb\u7edf\u6838\u5fc3\u3001\u884c\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f(process)\u3001\u5468\u8fb9\u88c5\u7f6e\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53ca\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u6001\u7b49\u7b49.\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u5f53\u4e2d, \u6240\u4ee5\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u5360\u4efb\u4f55\u786c\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u554a\uff01\u6bd4\u8f83\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\/proc\/cpuinfo, \/proc\/dma, \/proc\/interrupts, \/proc\/ioports, \/proc\/net\/*&nbsp;\u7b49\u7b49.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\/sys<\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5176\u5b9e\u8ddf\/proc\u975e\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c,\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf,\u4e3b\u8981\u4e5f\u662f\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0e\u6838\u5fc3\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u606f. \u5305\u62ec\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6a21\u5757\u4e0e\u6838\u5fc3\u4fa6\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u88c5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u7b49.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u540c\u6837\u4e0d\u5360\u786c\u76d8\u5bb9\u91cf\u5594\uff01<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px;\">\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e0e\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u76ee\u5f55(\u4e0e\u5f00\u673a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u5173)\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px auto 10px 30px; padding: 0px;\">\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0e\u5f00\u673a\u6709\u5173,<span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 153, 102);\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14pt;\">\u5f00\u673a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ec5\u6709\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4f1a\u88ab\u6302\u8f7d<\/span><\/strong><\/span>, \u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u5272\u69fd\u5219\u662f\u5728\u5f00\u673a\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a.\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64,\u56e0\u6b64\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u4e0e\u5f00\u673a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u5173\u7684\u76ee\u5f55, \u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u653e\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u5272\u69fd\u53bb\uff01<\/p>\n<ul class=\"text_import2\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-all;\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; list-style: disc;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">\/etc<\/span>\uff1a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; list-style: disc;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">\/bin<\/span>\uff1a\u91cd\u8981\u6267\u884c\u6863<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; list-style: disc;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">\/dev<\/span>\uff1a\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; list-style: disc;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">\/lib<\/span>\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u6863\u6240\u9700\u7684\u51fd\u5f0f\u5e93\u4e0e\u6838\u5fc3\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6a21\u5757<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; list-style: disc;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);\">\/sbin<\/span>\uff1a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 15px auto 2px; padding: 0px; font-size: 21px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);\">\/usr \u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0e\u5185\u5bb9<\/span>\uff1a<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px;\">\u6982\u8981:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px;\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; list-style: decimal;\">\u4f9d\u636eFHS\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49,\/usr\u91cc\u9762\u653e\u7f6e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5c5e\u4e8e\u53ef\u5206\u4eab\u7684\u4e0e\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u52a8\u7684(shareable, static), \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u900f\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u5272\u69fd\u7684\u6302\u8f7d,\u90a3\u4e48\/usr\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4eab\u7ed9\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u673a\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\uff01<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; list-style: decimal;\">usr(Unix Software Resource \u5373Unix\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90) FHS\u5efa\u8bae\u6240\u6709\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u8005,\u5e94\u8be5\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5206\u522b\u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6b21\u76ee\u5f55,\u800c\u4e0d\u8981\u81ea\u884c\u5efa\u7acb\u8be5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u81ea\u5df1\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u76ee\u5f55.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; list-style: decimal;\">\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6(distribution\u53d1\u5e03\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6)\u90fd\u4f1a\u653e\u7f6e\u5230\/usr\u5e95\u4e0b,\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6709\u70b9\u7c7b\u4f3cWindows \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u300eC:\\Windows\\ + C:\\Program files\\\u300f\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u4f53,\u7cfb\u7edf\u521a\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6bd5\u65f6,\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u6700\u591a\u7684\u786c\u76d8\u5bb9\u91cf.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px;\">\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4,\/usr\u7684\u6b21\u76ee\u5f55\u5efa\u8bae\u6709\u5e95\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff1a<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\" bgcolor=\"lightyellow\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver; word-break: break-word; width: 728px;\">\n<tbody style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<tr align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#182448\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td width=\"80\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\u5e94\u653e\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\/usr\/X11R6\/<\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\u4e3aX Window System\u91cd\u8981\u6570\u636e\u6240\u653e\u7f6e\u7684\u76ee\u5f55,\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u53d6\u540d\u4e3aX11R6\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6700\u540e\u7684X\u7248\u672c\u4e3a\u7b2c11\u7248,\u4e14\u8be5\u7248\u7684\u7b2c6\u6b21\u91ca\u51fa\u4e4b\u610f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\/usr\/bin\/<\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u4ee4\u90fd\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff01\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4ed6\u4e0e\/bin\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904.(\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u5f00\u673a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u5173)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\/usr\/include\/<\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">c\/c++\u7b49\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6863\u5934(header)\u4e0e\u5305\u542b\u6863(include)\u653e\u7f6e\u5904,\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5tarball\u65b9\u5f0f (*.tar.gz \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6)\u5b89\u88c5\u67d0\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u65f6,\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u91cc\u5934\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5305\u542b\u6863\u5594\uff01<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\/usr\/lib\/<\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\u5305\u542b\u5404\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u51fd\u5f0f\u5e93\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6(object file),\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u88ab\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u60ef\u7528\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6863\u6216\u811a\u672c(script). 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silver;\">\u975e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u4f5c\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6307\u4ee4.\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u67d0\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u6307\u4ee4(daemon)\u5570\uff01<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\/usr\/share\/<\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\u653e\u7f6e\u5171\u4eab\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5730\u65b9,\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u653e\u7f6e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u5206\u786c\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\u5747\u53ef\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e, \u56e0\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u561b\uff01\u5728\u6b64\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b21\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 0px 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-all;\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; list-style: disc;\">\/usr\/share\/man\uff1a\u8054\u673a\u5e2e\u52a9\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; list-style: disc;\">\/usr\/share\/doc\uff1a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6742\u9879\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8bf4\u660e<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; list-style: disc;\">\/usr\/share\/zoneinfo\uff1a\u4e0e\u65f6\u533a\u6709\u5173\u7684\u65f6\u533a\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\/usr\/src\/<\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\u4e00\u822c\u539f\u59cb\u7801\u5efa\u8bae\u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc,src\u6709source\u7684\u610f\u601d.\u81f3\u4e8e\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u59cb\u7801\u5219\u5efa\u8bae\u653e\u7f6e\u5230\/usr\/src\/linux\/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 15px auto 2px; padding: 0px; font-size: 21px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);\">\/var \u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0e\u5185\u5bb9<\/span>\uff1a<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px auto; padding: 0px;\">\u6982\u8981:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px auto 10px 30px; padding: 0px;\">\/var\u76ee\u5f55\u4e3b\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u5e38\u6001\u6027\u53d8\u52a8\u7684\u6587\u4ef6,\u5305\u62ec\u7f13\u5b58(cache)\u3001\u767b\u5f55\u6863(log file)\u4ee5\u53ca\u67d0\u4e9b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8fd0\u4f5c\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6, \u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6587\u4ef6(lock file, run file),\u6216\u8005\u4f8b\u5982MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u7b49.&nbsp;\u6240\u4ee5\/var\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u4f5c\u540e\u624d\u4f1a\u6e10\u6e10\u5360\u7528\u786c\u76d8\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px auto; padding: 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padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u672c\u8eab\u8fd0\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6682\u5b58\u6863\uff1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\/var\/lib\/<\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\u7a0b\u5e8f\u672c\u8eab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d,\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u653e\u7f6e\u7684\u76ee\u5f55.\u5728\u6b64\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5e94\u8be5\u8981\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u76ee\u5f55. \u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4,MySQL\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u653e\u7f6e\u5230\/var\/lib\/mysql\/\u800crpm\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5219\u653e\u5230\/var\/lib\/rpm\u53bb\uff01<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\/var\/lock\/<\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\u67d0\u4e9b\u88c5\u7f6e\u6216\u8005\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u4e00\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u4f7f\u7528,\u5982\u679c\u540c\u65f6\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u88c5\u7f6e\u65f6, \u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u72b6\u51b5,\u56e0\u6b64\u5c31\u5f97\u8981\u5c06\u8be5\u88c5\u7f6e\u4e0a\u9501(lock),\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u8be5\u88c5\u7f6e\u53ea\u4f1a\u7ed9\u5355\u4e00\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6240\u4f7f\u7528. \u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4,\u523b\u5f55\u673a\u6b63\u5728\u523b\u5f55\u4e00\u5757\u5149\u76d8,\u4f60\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b,\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u523b\u5f55\u673a\u70e7\u7247\uff1f 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padding: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\/var\/mail\/<\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\u653e\u7f6e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u4fe1\u7bb1\u7684\u76ee\u5f55,\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e5f\u88ab\u653e\u7f6e\u5230\/var\/spool\/mail\/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\uff01 \u901a\u5e38\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u4e92\u4e3a\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u5566\uff01<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\/var\/run\/<\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\u67d0\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u8005\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u540e,\u4f1a\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684PID\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5594\uff01 \u81f3\u4e8ePID\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7ae0\u8282\u63d0\u5230\u7684.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\/var\/spool\/<\/td>\n<td style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: silver;\">\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u901a\u5e38\u653e\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e9b\u961f\u5217\u6570\u636e,\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u300e\u961f\u5217\u300f\u5c31\u662f\u6392\u961f\u7b49\u5f85\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5566\uff01&nbsp;\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664.\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4,\u7cfb\u7edf\u6536\u5230\u65b0\u4fe1\u4f1a\u653e\u7f6e\u5230\/var\/spool\/mail\/\u4e2d, \u4f46\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6536\u4e0b\u8be5\u4fe1\u4ef6\u540e\u8be5\u5c01\u4fe1\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664.\u4fe1\u4ef6\u5982\u679c\u6682\u65f6\u5bc4\u4e0d\u51fa\u53bb\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5230\/var\/spool\/mqueue\/\u4e2d, \u7b49\u5230\u88ab\u9001\u51fa\u540e\u5c31\u88ab\u5220\u9664.\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u6392\u7a0b\u6570\u636e(crontab),\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u7f6e\u5230\/var\/spool\/cron\/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\uff01<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>**\u9488\u5bf9FHS,\u5404\u5bb6distributions\u7684\u5f02\u540c:**<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8eFHS\u4ec5\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fa\u6700\u4e0a\u5c42(\/)\u53ca\u6b21\u5c42(\/usr, \/var)\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9\u5e94\u8be5\u8981\u653e\u7f6e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u6570\u636e, 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