{"id":1514,"date":"2023-02-26T01:52:56","date_gmt":"2023-02-25T17:52:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/175.24.184.226\/?p=1514"},"modified":"2023-04-15T15:21:27","modified_gmt":"2023-04-15T07:21:27","slug":"02-linux%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e5%8a%9f%e8%83%bd%e5%92%8c%e4%bd%9c%e7%94%a8%e8%ae%b2%e8%a7%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/?p=1514","title":{"rendered":"02-Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u8bb2\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u8bb2\u89e3<\/h2>\n<h2>shell<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u7528shell<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>[rhino@rhino010 ~]$ echo $SHELL\n\/bin\/bash<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>CLI\u63a5\u53e3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u63a5\u53e3\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>[root@node1 ~]# COMMAND\n<ul>\n<li>prompt:<\/li>\n<li>root:\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237<\/li>\n<li>node1:\u5f53\u524d\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0c\u975e\u5b8c\u6574\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a node1.magedu.com<\/li>\n<li>~: \u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u76ee\u5f55(current directory)\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55(working directory); \u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\n<h1>\uff1a \u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff1a<\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h1>\uff1a \u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u4e3aroot<\/h1>\n<\/li>\n<li>$: \u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u8d26\u53f7\u767b\u9646\uff1b \u5728\u6267\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u5219\u4e34\u65f6\u5207\u6362\u81f3\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u5373\u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fde\u63a5<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>SSH\u534f\u8bae<\/strong>\uff1a secure shell;\n<ul>\n<li>~]# ss -tnl<\/li>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5426\u76d1\u542c\u4e8etcp\u534f\u8bae\u768422\u53f7\u7aef\u53e3<\/li>\n<li>~]# ip addr list \u6216<\/li>\n<li>~]# ifconfig<\/li>\n<li>\u67e5\u770bip\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n<li>\u786e\u4fdd\u9632\u706b\u5899\u5904\u4e8e\u5173\u95ed\u72b6\u6001\uff1a<\/li>\n<li>~]# iptables -L -n<\/li>\n<li>CentOS 7:\n<ul>\n<li>~]# systemctl disable fireealld.service<\/li>\n<li>~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>CentOS 6:\n<ul>\n<li>~]# service iptables stop<\/li>\n<li>~]# chkconfig iptables off<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u51e0\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u547d\u4ee4<\/h2>\n<p><code>tty<\/code>: \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbe\u5907<\/p>\n<p><code>ifconfig<\/code>\u6216<code>ip addr list<\/code>: \u67e5\u770b\u6d3b\u52a8\u63a5\u53e3\u7684ip\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n<p><code>echo<\/code>: \u56de\u663e<\/p>\n<p><code>ping<\/code>:\u63a2\u6d4b\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u4e3b\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u901a\u6027<\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u673a\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>CentOS:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>~]# systemctl poweroff<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>*:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>~]# poweroff<\/li>\n<li>~]# reboot<\/li>\n<li>~]# halt<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Stallman<\/h2>\n<p>\u81ea\u6709\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u4fee\u6539\uff1b\u81ea\u7531\u4f7f\u7528\uff1b\u81ea\u7531\u5206\u53d1\uff1b\u81ea\u7531\u521b\u5efa\u884d\u751f\u7248<\/p>\n<h2>Linux\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u60f3<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u628a\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u7edf\u7edf\u62bd\u8c61\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u901a\u4fe1\u63a5\u53e3\u7b49\uff1b<\/p>\n<p><code>open(), read(), write(), close(), delete(), create()<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7531\u4f17\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u505a\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u505a\u597d\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u7ec4\u5408\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u590d\u6742\u4efb\u52a1\uff1b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u8ddf\u7528\u6237\u4ea4\u4e92\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u6613\u4e8e\u4ee5\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4efb\u52a1<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4fdd\u5b58\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u601d\u8003\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u4f17\u591a\u6587\u4ef6\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p>\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a\u8def\u5f84\u6620\u5c04<\/p>\n<p>\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u516d\u5341\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u6309\u540d\u5b58\u53d6<\/p>\n<p>\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a \u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\uff1b\u6709\u7d22\u5f15\uff1b<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><code>\/<\/code>: \u539f\u521d\u8d77\u70b9<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5012\u7f6e\u6811\u72b6\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u4ece\u6839 \u8d77<\/li>\n<li><code>\/dev\/pts\/2<\/code>:<\/li>\n<li>\u6700\u5de6\u4fa7<code>\/<\/code>:\u8868\u793a\u8ddf\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>\u5176\u4ed6\u7684<code>\/<\/code>:\u8868\u793a\u8def\u5f84\u5206\u9694\u7b26\n<ul>\n<li>Linux\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u662f<code>\/<\/code>,  windows\u662f<code>\\<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u8868\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\uff1a\u4ece\u6839\u5f00\u59cb\u8868\u793a\u51fa\u7684\u8def\u5f84<\/li>\n<li>\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\uff1a\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5f00\u59cb\u8868\u793a\u51fa\u7684\u8def\u5f84<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4f7f\u7528\u6cd5\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e25\u683c\u533a\u5206\u5b57\u7b26\u5927\u5c0f\u5199<\/li>\n<li>\u76ee\u5f55\u4e5f\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728\u7edf\u4e00\u8def\u5f84\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u540d<\/li>\n<li>\u652f\u6301\u4f7f\u7528\u9664\u4e86<code>\/<\/code>\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26<\/li>\n<li>\u6700\u957f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7255\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u6709\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a home,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a \u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-eno16777736<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>basename<\/code>:\u6700\u53f3\u4fa7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\uff1b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>dirname<\/code>: basename\u5de6\u4fa7\u7684\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">[rhino@rhino010 aiqicSpider]$ pwd\n\/home\/rhino\/lxc\/aiqicSpider\n[rhino@rhino010 aiqicSpider]$ basename $PWD\naiqicSpider\n[rhino@rhino010 aiqicSpider]$ dirname  $PWD\n\/home\/rhino\/lxc<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Linux\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u901a\u7528\u683c\u5f0f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>COMMAND OPTINS ARGUMENTS<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u53d1\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5185\u6838\u5c06\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/li>\n<li>\u7a0b\u5e8f  ----&gt; \u8fdb\u7a0b<\/li>\n<li>\u9759\u6001  ----&gt; \u52a8\u6001\uff08\u6709\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u5185\u90e8\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u4e86CPU\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u5f53\u4e2d\u4e00\u9897CPU\u6240\u5141\u8bb8\u8fd0\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u6216\u67d0\u4e9b\uff09<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u662f\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c \u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8c03\u7528\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u591a\u6570\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u5b58\u653e\u5728\uff1a <code>\/bin<\/code>, <code>\/sbin<\/code>, <code>\/usr\/bin<\/code>, <code>\/usr\/sbin<\/code>, <code> \/usr\/local\/bin\/<\/code>, <code>\/usr\/local\/sbin<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u666e\u901a\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a <code>\/bin<\/code>, <code>\/usr\/bin<\/code>, <code>\/usr\/local\/bin<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a <code>\/sbin<\/code>, <code>\/usr\/sbin<\/code>, <code>\/usr\/local\/sbin<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\uff1a <code>\/lib<\/code>, <code>\/lib64<\/code>, <code>\/usr\/lib<\/code>, <code>\/usr\/lib64<\/code>, <code>\/usr\/local\/lib<\/code>, <code>\/usr\/local\/lib64<\/code><\/li>\n<li>32bits\u7684\u5e93\uff1a <code>\/lib<\/code>, <code>\/usr\/lib<\/code>, <code>\/usr\/local\/lib<\/code><\/li>\n<li>64bits\u7684\u5e93\uff1a<code>\/lib64<\/code>, <code>\/usr\/lib64<\/code>, <code>\/usr\/local\/lib64<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u67d0\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5faa\u7279\u5b9a\u683c\u5f0f\u89c4\u8303\uff1aexe,msi, RLF(Linux)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>~]# file \/bin\/ls<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u7531shell\u7a0b\u5e8f\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4(builtin)<\/li>\n<li>\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5373\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\uff1a\u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>shell\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u89e3\u6790\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>PATH:\u4ece\u54ea\u4e9b\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u7528\u6237\u952e\u5165\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6240\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">ubuntu@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~$ echo $PATH\n\/home\/ubuntu\/.local\/bin:\/usr\/local\/sbin:\/usr\/local\/bin:\/usr\/sbin:\/usr\/bin:\/sbin:\/bin:\/usr\/games:\/usr\/local\/games:\/snap\/bin<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u67e5\u627e\u6b21\u5e8f\u4e3a\uff1a<strong>\u81ea\u5de6\u5411\u53f3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u67e5\u770b\u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u578b<code>type COMMAND<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5185\u5efa\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u578b\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u540d<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">[rhino@rhino014 ~]$ type type\ntype is a shell builtin\ntype \u662f shell \u5185\u5efa\n[rhino@rhino014 ~]$ type ls\nls is aliased to `ls --color=auto'\nls \u662f \"ls --color=auto\" \u7684\u522b\u540d<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>OPTIONS<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u6307\u5b9a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u7279\u6027<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9009\u9879\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u77ed\u9009\u9879\uff1a -C,\u4f8b\u5982-l, -d<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u6709\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9009\u9879\u6ca1\u6709-\u7b26\u53f7\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u77ed\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u53ef\u5408\u5e76\uff1a <code>-l -d = -ld<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u957f\u9009\u9879\uff1a --word, \u4f8b\u5982 --help, --human-readable<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u957f\u9009\u9879\u4e0d\u80fd\u5408\u5e76<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u6709\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6b64\u79f0\u4e3a\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>ARGUMENTS:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a\u547d\u4ee4\u5bf9\u4ec0\u4e48\u751f\u6548<\/li>\n<li>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff1b\u6709\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u540c\u4e8b\u5e26\u591a\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ee5\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u5272<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u83b7\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5e2e\u52a9\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5185\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>help COMMAND<\/p>\n<pre><code>ubuntu@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~$ help type\ntype: type [-afptP] \u540d\u79f0 [\u540d\u79f0 ...]\n    \u663e\u793a\u5173\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\n\n    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a <\u540d\u79f0>\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u5982\u679c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\n\n    \u9009\u9879\uff1a\n      -a        \u5f53\u4e14\u4ec5\u5f53\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528 \"-p\" \u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b\u540d\u4e3a <\u540d\u79f0>\n                \u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1b\u5305\u62ec\u522b\u540d\u3001\u5185\u5efa\u548c\u51fd\u6570\n      -f        \u963b\u6b62 shell \u51fd\u6570\u67e5\u627e\u6d41\u7a0b\n      -P        \u5f3a\u5236\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a <\u540d\u79f0> \u641c\u7d22 PATH\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u662f\u522b\u540d\u3001\u5185\u5efa\u6216\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\n                \u5e76\u4e14\u8fd4\u56de\u5c06\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\n      -p        \u8fd4\u56de\u5c06\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f53 \"type -t \u540d\u79f0\"\n                \u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de \"file\" \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de\u4efb\u4f55\u503c\n      -t        \u8fd4\u56de\u4e0b\u5217\u5355\u8bcd\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\uff1a\"alias\"\u3001\"keyword\"\u3001\"function\"\u3001\n                \"builtin\"\u3001\"file\" \u6216\u8005 \"\"\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a <\u540d\u79f0> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u522b\u540d\u3001\n                shell \u4fdd\u7559\u5b57\u3001shell \u51fd\u6570\u3001shell \u5185\u5efa\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u672a\u627e\u5230\n\n    \u53c2\u6570\uff1a\n      \u540d\u79f0      \u9700\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\n\n    \u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\n    \u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u7684 <\u540d\u79f0> \u90fd\u88ab\u627e\u5230\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u6210\u529f\uff1b\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u627e\u5230\u5219\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u81ea\u5e26\u7b80\u8981\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5e2e\u52a9<\/p>\n<p>~]# COMMAND --help<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u624b\u518c\uff1a manual<\/p>\n<p>\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1a <code>\/usr\/share\/man<\/code><\/p>\n<p>~]# man COMMAND<\/p>\n<p>SECTION:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>NAME: \u529f\u80fd\u6027\u8bf4\u660e<\/li>\n<li>SYNOPSIS:\u8bed\u6cd5\u683c\u5f0f<\/li>\n<li>DESCRIPTION:\u63cf\u8ff0<\/li>\n<li>OPTIONS:\u9009\u9879<\/li>\n<li>EXAMPLES:\u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/li>\n<li>AUTHOR:\u4f5c\u8005<\/li>\n<li>BUGS:\u62a5\u544a\u7a0b\u5e8fbug\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f<\/li>\n<li>SEE ALSO:\u53c2\u8003<\/li>\n<li>...<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>SYNOPSIS\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>[]: \u53ef\u9009\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<li>&lt;&gt;: \u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<li>a|b|c: \u591a\u9009\u4e00<\/li>\n<li>...: \u540c\u7c7b\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u4e2a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u624b\u518c\uff1a\u538b\u7f29\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6709\u7ae0\u8282\u4e4b\u5206\uff1b<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\/usr\/share\/man<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>man1, man2, ...<\/li>\n<li>man1 --&gt; \u7528\u6237\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>man2 --&gt; \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528<\/li>\n<li>man3 --&gt; C\u5e93\u8c03\u7528<\/li>\n<li>man4 --&gt; \u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u7279\u6b8a\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>man5 --&gt; \u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\uff08\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\uff09<\/li>\n<li>man6 --&gt; \u6e38\u620f\u4f7f\u7528\u5e2e\u52a9<\/li>\n<li>man7 --&gt; \u6742\u9879<\/li>\n<li>man8 --&gt; \u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u53ca\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u884c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>~]# man CHAPTER COMMAND<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5e76\u975e\u6bcf\u4e2aCOMMAND\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7ae0\u8282\u4e0b\u90fd\u6709\u624b\u518c\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u7ae0\u8282\u4e0b\u6709\u624b\u518c\uff1f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\uff1a<code>~]# whatis COMMAND<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">ubuntu@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~$ whatis passwd\npasswd (1)           - \u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\npasswd (5)           - \u5bc6\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\npasswd (1ssl)        - OpenSSL application commands<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5176\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u7684<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u624b\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a<code>~]# makewhatis<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>man\u547d\u4ee4\u6253\u5f00\u624b\u518c\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\u7ffb\u5c4f\n<ul>\n<li>\u7a7a\u683c\u952e\uff1a\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3e\u90e8\u7ffb\u5c4f\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>b\uff1a \u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u9996\u90e8\u7ffb\u5c4f\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>Ctrl + d:\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3e\u90e8\u7ffb\u534a\u5c4f<\/li>\n<li>Ctrl + k\uff1a\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u9996\u90e8\u7ffb\u534a\u5c4f<\/li>\n<li>\u56de\u8f66\u952e\uff1a\u5411\u95ee\u4ef7\u90a3\u4f4d\u4e0d\u7ffb\u4e00\u884c\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>k:\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u9996\u90e8\u7ffb\u4e00\u884c<\/li>\n<li>G:\u8df3\u8f6c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c<\/li>\n<li>nG: n\u4ee3\u6307\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u8df3\u8f6c\u81f3\u6307\u5b9a\u884c<\/li>\n<li>1G:\u8df3\u8f6c\u81f3\u6587\u4ef6\u9996\u90e8\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u641c\u7d22\n<ul>\n<li>\/keyword: \u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u9996\u90e8\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3e\u90e8\u4f9d\u6b21\u67e5\u627e\uff1b\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5b57\u7b26\u5927\u5c0f\u5199<\/li>\n<li>?keyword\uff1a\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3e\u90e8\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u9996\u90e8\u4f9d\u6b21\u67e5\u627e\n<ul>\n<li>n:\u4e0e\u67e5\u627e\u547d\u4ee4\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u540c<\/li>\n<li>N:\u4e0e\u67e5\u627e\u547d\u4ee4\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u53cd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u9000\u51fa\n<ul>\n<li>q: quit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u9009\u9879<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>-M \/PATH\/TO\/SOMEDIR: \u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\u547d\u4ee4\u624b\u518c\u5e76\u6253\u5f00\u4e4b\uff1b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u8bb2\u89e3 shell \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u7528shell [rhino@rhino010 ~]$ echo $SHELL \/bi   \u2026 &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[131],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1514"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1514"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1514\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1578,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1514\/revisions\/1578"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1514"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1514"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1514"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}